Abruptio placentae associated with cocaine use

Acker, David; Sachs, Benjamin P.; Tracey, Kevin J.; Wise, William E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)91060-8

Cited by 212 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…It is concluded that cocaine possesses teratogenic potential that may be partly independent of maternal toxicity. (Pediatr Res 29: 187-190, 1991) Cocaine use by pregnant women has been reported to cause a decrease in fetal body weight (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), premature delivery (2), genitourinary abnormalities (10, 1 I), cerebral hemorrhage (12), abruptio placentae (1,2,13,14), behavioral abnormalities (14,15), ocular complications (16), and so on. In general, animal studies (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) have provided support for the clinical data.…”

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Effects of Cocaine on Rat Embryo Development in Vivo and in Cultures

1991

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ABSTRACT. Intraperitoneal injections of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 pmollkg cocaine into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats once a day from d 0 to 1 9 of gestation caused a dose-dependent increase in fetal soft tissue malformations, primarily of the genitourinary tract. At 100 pmol/kg, all implants were lost and three of the five animals died after six to seven injections. At 50 and 100 pmollkg but not a t lower doses, cocaine caused a small but significant decrease in body weight and food intake. Cocaine did not affect mean fetal and placental weights, although it increased the number of runts and edematous fetuses, and did not cause skeletal malformations. After intraperitoneal injection of 50 pmol/kg, the plasma tlIz of cocaine was 21 f 5 min and peak plasma concentration (1682 + 260 pmol/mL, measured by HPLC) was achieved in 5-10 min; a lower peak plasma concentration (486 f 103 pmol/mL) was achieved in 20-60 min after S.C. injection. Concentrations of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in brains of fetuses or newborn pups ( 4 2 h old) of cocaine (50 pmol/kg)-treated rats were not significantly elevated. Cocaine injections did not affect gestational duration nor the growth pattern and the locomotor activity of offspring. However, three pups born to one cocaine-treated animal died 20 d after birth. Cocaine inhibited the growth of 10.5-d-old embryos in culture in a concentration-dependent manner and was more toxic than procaine. Approximately 80% of cocaine was metabolized during a 48-h period in embryo culture medium. It is concluded that cocaine possesses teratogenic potential that may be partly independent of maternal toxicity. (Pediatr Res 29: 187-190, 1991) Cocaine use by pregnant women has been reported to cause a decrease in fetal body weight (1-9), premature delivery (2), genitourinary abnormalities (10, 1 I), cerebral hemorrhage (12), abruptio placentae (1, 2, 13, 14), behavioral abnormalities (14, 15), ocular complications (16), and so on. In general, animal studies (17-23) have provided support for the clinical data. However, in most animal studies cocaine was administered S.C. or orally (17,18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), which would result in a lower peak plasma concentration of a longer duration than would occur after equivalent intraperitoneal (25-27) or i.v. (28) doses. We therefore studied the effects of chronic intraperitoneal injections of cocaine on fetal development. Effects of cocaine on the growth of embryos in culture were studied to find out if cocaine's maternal and fetal toxicity could be dissociated. In view of the reported neurochemical effects of cocaine, especially on the dopaminergic system (29), catecholamine levels in brains of fetuses and newborn pups and locomotor activity of offsprings at 5-7 wk of age were also measured. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals. Sprague-Dawley virgin female rats (Charles River, St. Constant, Quebec, Canada) weighing 200-225 g were maintained on a 12-h light-dark schedule and fed ad libitum rat food pellets and tap water. For all in vivo studies, females ...

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Effects of Cocaine on Rat Embryo Development in Vivo and in Cultures

1991

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“…Therefore, abruptio placentae is more likely to be centrally located, to be destructive with indentation and rupture of the basal plate, and to result in rapid delivery often accompanied by fetal hypoxia. 21 Factors predisposing to arterial hemorrhage include underlying arterial wall disease as seen in preeclampsia, 22,23 ischemia-reperfusion injury as seen with cocaine abuse, 24 and shear stress secondary to traumatic injuries, such as falls or motor vehicle crashes. 25 Venous hemorrhages, on the other hand, tend to be peripheral, arising from chronically distended veins.…”

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Chronic Peripheral Separation of Placenta: The Significance of Diffuse Chorioamnionic Hemosiderosis

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Wilson-Costello

1999

Am J Clin Pathol

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“…Pulmonary interstitial and alveolar hemorrhage [90] Pulmonary edema [91,92] Direct vascular toxicity Increased microvascular permeability Increased pulmonary capillary pressure Increased systemic vascular resistance Rhabdomyolysis [93,94] Acute renal failure [93,94] Vasoconstriction of intramuscular arteries Direct toxic effect Tonic clonic seizures Spontaneous abortion [95] Abruptio placentae [96] Prematurity, Intra-uterine growth restriction [97] Vasoconstriction of placental vessels Maternal hypertension…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular Toxicity of Cocaine

Bansal¹,

Morgan²

2009

VDP

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Cocaine acts on the vascular system by a number of mechanisms including monoamine re-uptake inhibition, local anesthesia, anti-cholinergic activity, alpha-adrenergic stimulation, regulation of various vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents and promotion of prothrombotic state. These effects lead to a number of clinical syndromes via vasoconstriction, platelet activation, thrombus formation and early atherosclerosis in almost every organ of the body. Many of these effects may be under appreciated. Furthermore, cocaine is commonly associated with the use of tobacco and alcohol which can lead to superadditive effects and/or prolonged toxicity.

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Abruptio placentae associated with cocaine use

Cited by 212 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of Cocaine on Rat Embryo Development in Vivo and in Cultures

Effects of Cocaine on Rat Embryo Development in Vivo and in Cultures

Chronic Peripheral Separation of Placenta: The Significance of Diffuse Chorioamnionic Hemosiderosis

Vascular Toxicity of Cocaine

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