Male, born in 1957, Ph.D., Professor. His research interests mainly focus on the new type of abrasive materials such as ADI, CADI and their forming technology, the development of the iron melt quality online measurement and control system. A ustempered ductile iron (ADI) as a kind of very promising engineering material, is extensively used in gears, heavy machinery and transportation industries due to the combination of superior properties, such as high strength with good ductility, good wear resistance and fatigue tolerance [1][2][3][4] . The microstructure of the ADI consists of a certain number of graphite nodules, and the coarse graphite nodules with a strong fragmentation effect on the matrix structures seriously damage the properties of the materials [5,6] . Therefore, people try to obtain tiny, round and uniformly distributed graphite nodules to improve the mechanical properties by reducing the carbon content, and extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating ultra-low carbon ADI [7] .The ultra-low carbon ADI can be prepared with a certain composition of ductile iron through austempering heat treatment [8] , so an important step in the development of the ultra-low carbon ADI involves melting and casting of ultra-low carbon ductile irons. In the traditional Fe-C binary phase diagram, the right to the point (2.1wt.%) is called iron, and the left is called steel. However, the Abstract: The formation mechanism of the spheroidal carbide in the ultra-low carbon ductile cast iron fabricated by the metal mold casting technique was systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the spheroidal carbide belonged to eutectic carbide and crystallized in the isolated eutectic liquid phase area. The formation process of the spheroidal carbide was related to the contact and the intersection between the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite of austenite. The oxides of magnesium, rare earths and other elements can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the spheroidal carbide. It was also found that the amount of the spheroidal carbide would increase with an increase in carbon content. The cooling rate has an important influence on the spheroidal carbide under the same chemical composition condition.