About the role of chronic conditions onto the US educational differences on mortality

Castro, Rubén

doi:10.4054/demres.2012.27.12

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Health and mortality are well-documented as being strongly associated with socioeconomic factors, with individuals of higher socioeconomic status living longer and healthier lives than persons of lower socioeconomic status in both developed and developing countries (Mackenbach et al 2017, Mackenbach et al 2008, Preston and Taubman 1994, Beltrán-Sánchez and Andrade 2013 An indi id al s socioeconomic s a s can be meas red hrough a multiplicity of factors, including income, wealth, education, and occupation. However, research consistently shows that, net of these other factors, educational attainment plays a prominent role in shaping health outcomes, since more educated individuals tend to avoid risky health behaviors (Brønnum-Hansen and Juel 2004, Cai et al 2010, Pampel, Krueger and Denney 2010, Singer et al 2019, are among the first to adopt and have access to medical technologies (Glied and Lleras-Muney 2008), and have lower levels of chronic and acute conditions (Castro 2012, Mirowsky and Ross 2003, Nusselder et al 2005. Studies also demonstrate a strong educational gradient in both longevity and mortality compression, indicating that education attainment maximizes life chances by delaying the biological aging process (Brown et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of education for assessing population health: An analysis of healthy life expectancy by educational attainment for 16 European countries

Sauerberg¹

2021

VID

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Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is a prominent summary indicator for evaluating and comparing the levels of population health status across Europe. Variations in HLE, however, do not necessarily reflect underlying differences in health and mortality levels among countries and are particularly sensitive when broken down by population subgroups. For instance, despite European countries showing large HLE inequalities by educational level, these countries are also highly heterogenous regarding their educational population composition, which most likely affects their HLE levels. We demonstrate how this compositional effect shapes HLE levels by providing HLE estimates of educational attainment and gender for 16 European countries using the Sullivan method. We use prevalence data about activities of daily living (ADLs) limitations from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and mortality data from the Eurostat database. We then quantify the magnitude of educational inequalities based on the composite inequality index (CII). Finally, we express total HLE as the sum of education-specific HLEs, weighted by the educational population structure. As expected, we find large educational inequalities in HLE, with men s CII ranging from about 8.5 years in Portugal to approximately 3 years in Romania. For women, educational inequalities are slightly smaller. The decomposition reveals the population structure s strong effects on HLE, which can elicit misleading conclusions abo people s heal h s a us and potentially turn HLE into an improper measure of educational differences as opposed to a measure of health gaps. For example, low-, medium-, and highly educated individuals in Portugal show more healthy life years than their co n erpar s in Poland S ill Poland s o al HLE al e sligh l e ceeds that of Portugal, indicating favorable health and mortality conditions in Poland. However, Poland s greater relative number of highly educated individuals in its population is responsible for producing this higher total HLE value. We conclude that education is not only paramount for assessing health inequalities across European countries, but also the population composition by educational attainment, because it drives the differences in HLE levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of education for assessing population health: An analysis of healthy life expectancy by educational attainment for 16 European countries

Sauerberg¹

2021

VID

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Inspecting the Mechanism

Maurer

2016

Med Decis Making

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Background Influenza vaccination is strongly associated with socioeconomic status, but there is only limited evidence on the respective roles of socioeconomic differences in vaccination intentions vs. corresponding differences in follow through on initial vaccination plans for subsequent socioeconomic differences in vaccine uptake. Methods Nonparametric mean smoothing, linear regression and Probit models were used to analyze longitudinal survey data on perceived influenza risks, behavioral vaccination intentions and vaccination behavior of adults during the 2009-10 influenza A/H1N1 (“Swine Flu”) pandemic in the United States. Perceived influenza risks and behavioral vaccination intentions were elicited prior to the availability of H1N1 vaccine using a probability scale question format. H1N1 vaccine uptake was assessed at the end of the pandemic. Results Education, income and health insurance coverage displayed positive associations with behavioral intentions to get vaccinated for pandemic influenza while employment was negatively associated with stated H1N1 vaccination intentions. Education and health insurance coverage also displayed significant positive associations with pandemic vaccine uptake. Moreover, behavioral vaccination intentions showed a strong and statistically significant positive partial association with later H1N1 vaccination. Incorporating vaccination intentions in a statistical model for H1N1 vaccine uptake further highlighted higher levels of follow through on initial vaccination plans among persons with higher education levels and health insurance. Limitations Sampling bias, misreporting in self-reported data, and limited generalizability to non-pandemic influenza are potential limitations of the analysis. Conclusions Closing the socioeconomic gap in influenza vaccination requires multi-pronged strategies that not only increase vaccination intentions by improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs but also facilitate follow through on initial vaccination plans by improving behavioral control and access to vaccination for individuals with low education, employed persons and the uninsured.

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About the role of chronic conditions onto the US educational differences on mortality

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

The role of education for assessing population health: An analysis of healthy life expectancy by educational attainment for 16 European countries

The role of education for assessing population health: An analysis of healthy life expectancy by educational attainment for 16 European countries

Inspecting the Mechanism

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