About the cortical origin of the low-delta and high-gamma rhythms observed in EEG signals during treadmill walking

Oscillations in the human brain during walking execution, imagination and observation

“…Indeed, we have recently demonstrated [68] that harmonics of the fundamental stepping frequency recorded by accelerometer placed on the top of the head were found in the EEG signals spectrum (Fig. 2 C,D) corresponding to the fundamental stepping frequency of the subject ranging from 0.6 Hz at 1.5 km/h to about 1 Hz at 4.5 km/h.…”

Temporal and spatial organization of gait-related electrocortical potentials

“…These motion artifacts cannot simply be removed by spectral filtering [4]. Therefore, an ICA was applied as a compromise between removing motion artifacts and keeping brain-related data in the EEG recordings [2,11]. In addition to the evidence provided by the source localization (see Section 4.2 Spatial Organization of GRCPs'), our findings are supported by the studies of [34] and [12]: they show similar MRCPs related to rhythmic gait-like movement of the lower limbs while the risk of triboelectric noise or electrode movements is absent due to the specific set-up.…”

Maintaining Gait Performance by Cortical Activation during Dual-Task Interference: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

“…For example, functional magnetic resonance imaging requires participants to be scanned in a supine posture with a fixed head position. Alternatively, electroencephalography allows participants to perform locomotive tasks, but the physiological and mechanical noise (such as from blinking, facial-muscle movements, electrode movements, and high-frequency signals from the treadmill) need to be eliminated by using post-processing techniques to avoid the interference with signal recordings of neural activity [22, 23]. Another recently developed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique can also be used for observing cortical activation during locomotion [24–28].…”