About Holographic (Interferometric) Approach to the Primary Visual Perception

Abstract

The discussed physical model of the primary visual perception is based on the joint consideration of the structural features of the retina and its functioning, namely, inversion of the retina, the presence of micro-oscillations (tremor), high rate of reaction of photoisomerization and its spatial-time coherence. The above model indicates the existence of significant forward light scattering in the layers of the retina. The existence of micro-oscillations and partial time coherence of the first stage of photoisomerization reaction allows proposing a mechanism of image restoration based on the principles of holographic speckle interferometry.

Acoustical Imaging in Heterogeneous Environments

“…With the advent of methods of speckle holography, it is becoming increasingly clear that the effects of scattering (of sound or light) in many cases are not an interfering factor, but, on the contrary, the basis of an entirely new imaging approaches. In particular, it is the effects of scattering of light allowed to put forward and justify the hypothesis of the new mechanism of the primary visual perception which resolves many of the contradictions in the existing theory of vision [62][63][64] The unusual properties of the "noisy" speckle holograms are closely related to the more general problem of the influence and the role of noise in imaging, which is also widely discussed in the literature as well-known phenomenon of stochastic resonance when some "noise pollution" of the image significantly increases its contrast [59][60][61] and that completely contradicts the linear theory of signal processing. The effects of stochastic resonance have been discovered in climate researches, seismology, optics and biology.…”

Surface chemistry and morphology in single particle optical imaging

“…Cells and cellular components are optically inhomogeneous, stemming from heterogeneity across multiple length scales. As an example, cytoplasm has a refractive index of 1.38, whereas that of a cell membrane is around 1.48 [59,60]. Other structures in the cells, such as protein, have variable refractive indices ranging from that of the cell medium and up to as high as 1.53 [61].…”