About 5 cases with 3 Meo-PCP including 2 deaths and 3 non-fatal cases seen in France in 2018

Grossenbacher, Francis; Cazaubon, Yoann; Féliu, Catherine; Ameline, Alice; Kintz, Pascal; Passouant, O.; Mourvillier, Bruno; Djerada, Zoubir

doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2019.10.004

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Allard et al (2019) then used molecular networking to describe the hepatic metabolism of 3-MeO-PCP [ 63 ]. In another French study, Grossenbacher et al (2018) described five cases of 3-MeO-PCP intoxication (two of which were fatal) [ 108 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Arylcyclohexylamines: Clinical Toxicity and Forensic Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arylcyclohexylamine Derivatives: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Clinical and Forensic Aspects

Pelletier

Daré

Bouëdec

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Since the 2000s, an increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have appeared on the drug market. Arylcyclohexylamine (ACH) compounds such as ketamine, phencyclidine and eticyclidine derivatives are of particular concern, given their rapidly increasing use and the absence of detailed toxicity data. First used mainly for their pharmacological properties in anesthesia, their recreational use is increasing. ACH derivatives have an antagonistic activity against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, which leads to dissociative effects (dissociation of body and mind). Synthetic ketamine derivatives produced in Asia are now arriving in Europe, where most are not listed as narcotics and are, thus, legal. These structural derivatives have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that are sometimes very different from ketamine. Here, we describe the pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry and metabolism of ACH derivatives, and we review the case reports on intoxication.

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Section: Arylcyclohexylamines: Clinical Toxicity and Forensic Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arylcyclohexylamine Derivatives: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Clinical and Forensic Aspects

Pelletier

Daré

Bouëdec

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…To date, several 3-MeO-PCP intoxication cases, both fatal and nonfatal, have been described in the literature [ 3 , 8 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. It is noteworthy that 3-MeO-PCP figured as the only substance assumed in less than one-third of reports, eight nonfatal and one fatal, and that the concurrent intake of multiple substances can modify the clinical picture and contribute to a more severe presentation [ 25 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-Methoxy-Phencyclidine Induced Psychotic Disorder: A Literature Review and an 18F-FDG PET/CT Case Report

Pepe,

Di Nicola,

Cocciolillo

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are modifying the drug scenario worldwide and have become a public health concern because of their toxicological profiles and their harmful physical/psychological effects. 3-Methoxy-Phencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP), a non-competitive antagonist of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, belongs to the phencyclidine-like subfamily of arylcyclohexylamines and has gained attention for its toxic, sometimes fatal, effects. Despite several cases of intoxication and death reported in the literature, little is known about substance-induced psychotic disorders (SIP) and potential cognitive impairment following 3-MeO-PCP intake. This literature review aimed to summarize available evidence about 3-MeO-PCP mechanisms of action and physical and psychotropic effects and to spread preliminary findings about persistent psychotic symptoms and impaired cognitive functioning. Additionally, the case of an SIP is reported in a 29-year-old man with small oral intakes of 3-MeO-PCP over two weeks until a high dose ingestion. Psychometric and neuropsychological assessment and brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography were used to support clinical description. Identifying and addressing the characteristic clinical features and neural substrates of NPS-induced psychoses might help clinicians with a more precise differentiation from other psychotic disorders. Although further studies are required, phenotyping the cognitive profile of NPS users might provide targets for tailored therapeutic approaches.

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“…4-MeO-PCP is less potent than 3-MeO-PCP, while 2-MeO-PCP is very weak ( Kalir, 1981 ; Wallach and Brandt, 2018 ), probably explaining why the latter is almost absent from the recreational market. Instead, the relatively large worldwide diffusion of the most potent 3-MeO-PCP represents the cause of many non-fatal and fatal intoxication cases ( Stevenson and Tuddenham, 2014 ; Bäckberg et al, 2015a ; Bakota et al, 2016 ; Bertol et al, 2017 ; Johansson et al, 2017 ; Mitchell-Mata et al, 2017 ; Zidkova et al, 2017 ; Ameline et al, 2019b ; Ameline et al, 2019c ; Berar et al, 2019 ; de Jong et al, 2019 ; Grossenbacher et al, 2019 ; Kintz et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Characterization of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in Seized Products and Biosamples: The Role of LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS and Solid Deposition GC-FTIR

Frison¹,

Zancanaro²,

Frasson³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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Among the phencyclidine (PCP) and synthetic cathinone analogs present on the street market, 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is one of the most popular dissociative hallucinogen drugs, while 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a commonly encountered psychostimulant. Numerous 3-MeO-PCP- and 3-MMC-related intoxication cases have been reported worldwide. Identification of the positional isomers of MeO-PCP and MMC families are particularly challenging for clinical and forensic laboratories; this is mostly due to their difficult chromatographic separation (particularly when using liquid chromatography–LC) and similar mass spectrometric behaviors. 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC were identified in two powders, detained by two subjects and seized by the police, by different analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate-mass Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS), and solid deposition gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (sd-GC-FTIR). LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS allowed us to assign the elemental formulae C18H27NO (MeO-PCP) and C11H15NO (MMC) through accurate mass measurement of the two MH+ ions, and the comparison of experimental and calculated MH+ isotopic patterns. However, MH+ collision-induced product ions spectra were not conclusive in discriminating between the positional isomers [(3-MeO-PCP vs. 4-MeO-PCP) and (3-MMC vs. 4-MMC and 2-MMC)]. Likewise, sd-GC-FTIR easily allowed us to differentiate between the MeO-PCP and MMC positional isomers unambiguously, confirming the presence of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC, due to the high-quality match factor of the experimental FTIR spectra against the target FTIR spectra of MeO-PCP and MMC isomers in a dedicated library. 3-MeO-PCP (in contrast to 3-MMC) was also detected in blood and urine samples of both subjects and analyzed in the context of routine forensic casework by LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS following a simple deproteinization step. In addition, this untargeted approach allowed us to detect dozens of phase I and phase II 3-MeO-PCP metabolites in all biological specimens. Analysis of the extracted samples by sd-GC-FTIR revealed the presence of 3-MeO-PCP, thus confirming the intake of such specific methoxy-PCP isomer in both cases. These results highlight the effectiveness of LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS and sd-GC-FTIR data in attaining full structural characterization of the psychoactive drugs, even in absence of reference standards, in both non-biological and biological specimens.

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About 5 cases with 3 Meo-PCP including 2 deaths and 3 non-fatal cases seen in France in 2018

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Arylcyclohexylamine Derivatives: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Clinical and Forensic Aspects

Arylcyclohexylamine Derivatives: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Clinical and Forensic Aspects

3-Methoxy-Phencyclidine Induced Psychotic Disorder: A Literature Review and an 18F-FDG PET/CT Case Report

Analytical Characterization of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in Seized Products and Biosamples: The Role of LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS and Solid Deposition GC-FTIR

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