Abortion

Lohr, Patricia A.; Fjerstad, M.; DeSilva, U.; Lyus, Richard

doi:10.1136/bmj.f7553

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…They are unobserved in all our populations. Most are elective, not therapeutic [36], but even women electing to have an abortion may do so selectively after considering their own age and paternal characteristics, including age [37]. On the other hand, paternal age predicts both miscarriages [38] and very preterm births [39].…”

Section: Selective Episodes Across Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older fathers’ children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations

Arslan

Willführ

Frans

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Higher paternal age at offspring conception increases de novo genetic mutations (Kong et al., 2012). Based on evolutionary genetic theory we predicted that the offspring of older fathers would be less likely to survive and reproduce, i.e. have lower fitness. In a sibling control study, we find clear support for negative paternal age effects on offspring survival, mating and reproductive success across four large populations with an aggregate N > 1.3 million in main analyses. Compared to a sibling born when the father was 10 years younger, individuals had 4-13% fewer surviving children in the four populations. Three populations were pre-industrial (1670-1850) Western populations and showed a pattern of paternal age effects across the offspring's lifespan. In 20 th -century Sweden, we found no negative paternal age effects on child survival or marriage odds. Effects survived tests for competing explanations, including maternal age and parental loss. To the extent that we succeeded in isolating a mutation-driven effect of paternal age, our results can be understood to show that de novo mutations reduce offspring fitness across populations and time. We can use this understanding to predict the effect of increasingly delayed reproduction on offspring genetic load, mortality and fertility.

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Section: Selective Episodes Across Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older fathers’ children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations

Arslan

Willführ

Frans

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…It is estimated that between one third and one half of induced abortions are repeated procedures arising from further unwanted pregnancies, mostly due to contraception not being used [8,9]. For medical abortion, WHO has advised that hormonal methods of contraception can be initiated when mifepristone is administered, but the evidence to support this recommendation is low [2,3]. A recent study in the United States found that offering access to immediate and effective contraceptives at the time of surgical abortion increased contraception uptake, and reduced future unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that between 20% and 60% of outpatient induced abortion procedures are medical, fewer than 5% of patients undergoing medical abortion require surgery to complete an induced abortion, 1.1% of patients experience ongoing pregnancy, and 0.4% require hospitalization for serious complications [1]. Owing to the high level of effectiveness and safety, WHO considers routine follow-up unnecessary [2,3]. To simplify the procedure and improve acceptability, individuals increasingly have mifepristone administered in the clinic by a health provider and are offered the choice to self-administer misoprostol at home 24-48 h later [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study in the United States found that offering access to immediate and effective contraceptives at the time of surgical abortion increased contraception uptake, and reduced future unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions [8]. For medical abortion, WHO has advised that hormonal methods of contraception can be initiated when mifepristone is administered, but the evidence to support this recommendation is low [2,3]. Theoretical concerns exist that progestin in contraceptives may have an antagonistic effect on the action of mifepristone, increasing the risk of induced-abortion failure [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of early induced medical abortion with mifepristone when beginning progestin‐only contraception on the same day

Douthwaite

Candelas²,

Reichwein

et al. 2016

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…In the developed world, abortion has been one of the safest procedures in medicine when allowed by local law. 'Safe Abortions' do not cause either long term mental or physical problems [3] and the WHO recommends that this same level of safe and legal abortions be available to all women globally [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abortion and its legalization: an overview of the opinion of doctors in Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka

et al. 2016

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Introduction: According to Sri Lankan law, the only indication for abortion is when the life of the mother is in danger. Abortion is the third commonest cause for maternal mortality in Sri Lanka. Therefore, to make a change in current legal situation of abortion in Sri Lanka, it is important to assess the opinion on abortion especially from doctors, because they deal directly with maternal and child health. Method: According to random sampling method, a self-administered questionnaire was given to 207 doctors at the Teaching Hospital Colombo South, Sri Lanka. Results: Almost all (97%) agreed to perform abortion when mothers' life is in danger and 76% agreed when mother's health in danger. As overall opinion 57% agreed in special medical conditions such as Anencephaly, Down syndrome, Thalassemia major and hemophilia. Further, 68% agreed with abortion when 'Rape' and 'Incest', however, when rape presents as the condition disagreement of Muslims was statistically significant (p<0.05). Most (74%) disagreed with social conditions such as contraceptive failure, family health in danger, family with low income and higher number of children. When contraceptive failure or family health in danger presents as the condition, the disagreement of less than 10 years of experience doctors was statistically significant (p<0.05). Majority (69%) agreed for legalization of abortion in Sri Lanka for more conditions. Regarding advantages, 66% agreed and 65% reported that there will be disadvantages after legalization of abortion. Conclusion: In addition to, when mother's life is in danger, majority agreed to include medical conditions such as when mother's health is in danger and four other special medical conditions, and legal situations such as rape and incest. However, majority disagreed on social conditions.

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Abortion

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Older fathers’ children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations

Older fathers’ children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations

Efficacy of early induced medical abortion with mifepristone when beginning progestin‐only contraception on the same day

Abortion and its legalization: an overview of the opinion of doctors in Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka

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