Abortion in goats by Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in Spain

Abstract

An abortion outbreak occurred in a goat herd of Murciano-Granadina breed in Almeria Region in Spain where 80 pregnant females aborted. All bacteriological and parasitological examinations resulted negative, whereas virological investigations and real-time PCR assay showed the presence of Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 DNA in the pathological specimens from aborted foetuses. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the DNA was highly close related to the Swiss strain E-CH (99.7%) and a little less extent to the Italian BA.1 strain (99.4%). Histopathological examination revealed multifocal, well-circumscribed, 50- to 200-μm-diameter foci of coagulative necrosis in the liver, lungs and kidneys of three foetuses. In the periphery of the necrosis, there were frequently epithelial cells with the chromatin emarginated by large, round, amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies. The source of the infection in the herd could not clearly find out even some hypothesis were formulated. This seems to be the first report of an abortion outbreak due to Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in a goat herd in Spain.

Transcriptome and Proteomic Analysis Reveals Up-Regulation of Innate Immunity-Related Genes Expression in Caprine Herpesvirus 1 Infected Madin Darby Bovine Kidney Cells

“…For the last 20 years, alpha herpesvirus species, represented by Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), varicella zoster virus (VZV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV-1), have been studied to understand the complicated life cycle and pathogenesis [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. However, current academic research on CpHV-1 focuses on aspects of epidemiological investigation [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 29 ] and antiviral treatment [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]; the pathogenic mechanism of CpHV-1 has been long neglected. The complex and dynamic interplay between virus and host components is an active area of research.…”

“…CpHV-1 infection has been reported in goats globally, including in the US, Canada, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, Mediterranean countries (such as Greece, Italy, Spain, France, etc.) and China [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. CpHV-1 is believed to infect goats by the nasal or reproductive route, displaying high tropism to the genital tract [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…The virus can establish latent infection in trigeminal ganglia and eventually induce immunosuppression. CpHV-1 causes systemic disease in young kids, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, while in adult goats the infection leads to vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, respiratory disease and occasionally abortion [ 6 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Previous studies showed that CpHV-1 could induce apoptosis in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK)cell line [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Research Progress on Emerging Viral Pathogens of Small Ruminants in China during the Last Decade

“…CpHV-1 infects goats through the respiratory and reproductive route, while displaying high tropism to the genital tract [142]. CpHV-1 infection usually causes systemic disease in young kids with high morbidity and mortality, while in adult goats, vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, respiratory disease, and occasionally abortions are induced [143][144][145]. CpHV-1 was reported in goat populations worldwide, including in the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Brazil, and Mediterranean countries (such as Greece, Italy, Spain, and France) [143,144,146,147].…”

Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) in Mexico

“…The disease has been identified in Australia, Canada, USA, and New Zealand (Grewal and Wells 1986, Horner et al 1982, Piper et al 2008, Tarigan et al 1987 and seems prevalent in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean basin. In countries where goats are economically important as Spain, Italy, Greece and France, stronger prevalence was observed (Keuser et al 2004, Koptopoulos et al 1988, Sauvet et al 2016, Thiry et al 2008, González et al 2017. In Mexico, a report published in the year of 2011 suggested the presence of Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in a goat flock located in Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, when several lesions such as vulvovaginitis and pustular ulcerative balanoposthitis, were observed.…”