Abordagens Da Fisioterapia Para O Tratamento De Pacientes Pediátricos Com Espinha Bífida: Revisão De Literatura

Abstract

Objective: To analyze physical therapeutic approaches for the treatment of pediatric patients with spina bifida (SB). Methodology: This is a literature review, where articles indexed in PubMed, PEDro, BVS and Cochrane Library databases were selected. The descriptors in English were used, combining these terms with the Boolean operator “AND”: “Spina Bifida”, “Myelomeningocele”, “Physical Therapy” and “Rehabilitation”. Articles in English and Portuguese, published between 2012 and 2022, covering a controlled and randomized clinical trial were included. The selection involved steps of identification, selection and eligibility. Results and Discussion: 195 studies were identified, 54 of which were duplicates and 136 were excluded by title, abstract and full text, totaling 5 included studies. During an analysis of the studies, it was found that physical therapy as a treatment bias for SB, can treat both signs and symptoms and secondary results arising from this condition. The interventions included: conventional physical therapy, physical therapy with reflex stimulation, Neurotranscutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS), Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), serial casting protocol and pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Such approaches have proven to be effective respectively in improving functional activities, improving voiding functions, reducing knee flexion contracture and treating neuropathic foot ulcers. Final Considerations: Physiotherapeutic treatment is really important in pediatric patients with SB, through various physiotherapeutic resources, it is possible to treat signs and symptoms, as well as prevent secondary complications to the condition.