ABO blood group system and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

Adam, Ishag; Babiker, S. H.; Mohmmed, Ahmed A; Salih, Magdi M; Prins, Martin H.; Zaki, Zaki M

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-110

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At 95% and 99% confidence intervals, chi square statistical analysis carried out on data showed that male students were significantly more infected than the females. This finding is supported by the reports of some previous studies which stated that males were more vulnerable to malaria infection than females [74,12,69]. Finding is however, inconsistent with the report of some workers [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Abo Blood Variants of Selected Babcock University Students and Their Link with Malaria Parasitaemia

Dafinone¹

2018

PLM

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Five milliliters (5ml) of venous whole blood was collected from one hundred and eighty three students made up of 93(50.8%) male and 90(49.2%) female students of Babcock University, Ilishan Remo randomly selected across various Departments. Whole blood samples were dispensed into sequestrinized (EDTA anticoagulated) blood containers, properly mixed and labeled. Malaria Plasmodium falciparum parasite screening was done semi-quantitatively by Field stain A and B staining. ABO blood phenotyping was carried out with monoclonal Antisera A, B and D. A total of 169 (92.3%) and 14(7.7%) students were rhesus positive and negative respectively of which 92(54.4%) and 77(45.6%) samples were rhesus positive male and female students respectively and of which 1(7.1%) and 13(92.9%) students were rhesus negative male and female students respectively. One hundred and thirty five (73.8%), 36(19.7%) and 12(6.5%) of the sampled student population belonged to 17-20, 21-24 and 25-30yr age brackets respectively. One hundred and ten (60.1%), 38(20.8%), 29(15.9%) and 6(3.3%) students were of O, A, B and AB blood phenotypes respectively. Out of the 183 blood samples obtained from 93 (50.8%) and 90(49.2%) male and female students respectively, 126(68.9%) students were infected with P. falciparum malaria parasites. More males were infected than females and were significantly associated with malaria infection (X 2 0.05, 1 =3.841, Cal. X 2 =25.253, P˂0.05). Also, out of the 68.9% infected students, 47(37.3%) and 79(62.7%) had severe and non-severe forms of malaria infection respectively. Severe malaria frequency occurrences were 85.0%, 70.6%, 50.0% and 50.0% for blood types A, O, B and AB respectively while non-severe malaria frequency occurrences were 83.3%, 75.0%, 65.8% and 57.9% with respect to blood types A, AB O and B respectively. ABO blood types especially type A were significantly associated with severe form of P. falciparum malaria infection (X 2 0.05, 3 =7.815, X 2 0.01, 3 =11.350, Cal. X 2 =284.601 and P˂0.05, P˂0.01). ABO blood types were also significantly associated with non-severe form of malaria especially type A (Cal. X 2 =230.768 and hence, P˂0.05, P˂0.01). Implications of rising trend of rhesus negative factor in female students, population variations in association with ABO blood types and malaria parasitaemia are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Abo Blood Variants of Selected Babcock University Students and Their Link with Malaria Parasitaemia

Dafinone¹

2018

PLM

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“…As before, group O primiparae were at an increased risk of active placental malaria (OR, 2.18; P ϭ 0.02). Two other studies from Sudan (n ϭ 293) and Gabon (n ϭ 378) found no increased risk of malaria in group O primiparae but confirmed some protection against placental malaria in multiparous group O women (OR, 0.6) (326,327). No correlation between active malaria, placental malaria, parasitemia, parity, and ABO type was identified for 447 Myanmar refugees in western Thailand (328).…”

Section: Plasmodium Falciparummentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A few studies have examined the impact of ABO type on pregnancy, with most studies showing a selective advantage with group O (324)(325)(326)(327)(328). A small study of 198 Gambian mothers reported an inverse relationship between ABO type, malaria, and parity (324).…”

Section: Plasmodium Falciparummentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

2015

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SUMMARY Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.

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“…While placental malaria infections that were positive by histology were not associated with LBW, submicroscopic malaria infections were, and this was a statistically significant finding. In fact, the impetus for this study arose out of the knowledge that two cross-sectional studies in Eastern Sudan failed to show significant associations between LBW delivery and placental malaria infection, as diagnosed by histology [7,18]. The prevalence (28.0%) of histologically determined placental malaria infections in both groups (cases and controls) in the current study is similar to the prevalence of the placental malaria infections recently observed in Eastern and Central Sudan [7,18,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

Mohammed

Salih

Elhassan

et al. 2013

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria, which frequently occurs in pregnant women in the tropics, is a leading cause of maternal anaemia and low birth weight (LBW) in infants. Few data exist concerning malaria infections that are present at submicroscopic levels during pregnancy and their LBW delivery in babies.MethodsA case–control study (87 in each group) was conducted at the Medani Hospital, Central Sudan. Cases were women who had LBW deliveries where the infants weighed < 2,500 g. Controls were parturient women without having LBW babies. Obstetrical and medical characteristics were gathered from both groups through structured questionnaires. Both cases and controls were investigated for malaria using microscopic blood film analysis, placental histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microscopic and PCR analyses were conducted on maternal peripheral blood, placenta, and umbilical cord samples. Infant weights were recorded immediately after birth.ResultsPlasmodium falciparum-positive blood films were not obtained from any of the women (cases or controls). Twenty-seven (31.0%) versus 22 (25.3%) (P = 0.500) of the cases and controls, respectively, had placental malaria infections as determined by histological examination. In comparison to the controls, the submicroscopic malaria infection prevalence rates were significantly higher in the cases; 24 (27.6%) vs six (7.0%), P < 0.001. Multivariate analysis showed that while malaria infection of the placenta (based on histology) was not associated with LBW, submicroscopic P. falciparum infection (OR = 6.89, 95% CI = 2.2–20.8; P = 0.001), or a combination of histologically determined and submicroscopic infections (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.2–4.9; P = 0.012), were significantly associated with LBW.ConclusionIn Central Sudan, pregnant women were at a higher risk of having an LBW delivery if they had submicroscopic infections rather than a histological diagnosis of placental malaria.

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ABO blood group system and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

Abstract: Background: Understanding the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for both the mother and the baby is fundamental for improving malaria control in pregnant women.

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Abo Blood Variants of Selected Babcock University Students and Their Link with Malaria Parasitaemia

Abo Blood Variants of Selected Babcock University Students and Their Link with Malaria Parasitaemia

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

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