Abnormalities of Morning Serum Cortisol Levels and Circadian Rhythms of CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Adult Patients

Malone, Joseph L.; Oldfield, Edward C.; Wagner, Kenneth F.; Simms, Thomas; Daly, Richard; O’Brian, John T.; Burke, Donald S.

doi:10.1093/infdis/165.1.185

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Several reports suggest that the effects of cortisol on cognition can be paradoxical since both the high (as in Cushing's syndrome) and low levels of cortisol (Addison's disease) have been reported in subjects with cognitive dysfunctions [27,28] . Emerging evidence suggests that there may also be a disturbance in the circadian rhythm of GC in HIV-1 infection that leads to higher plasma cortisol levels in the evening [29,30] . GC resistance is reported to exist in about 17% of HIV-1+ subjects and may result in a decoupling of circulating cortisol levels and corticosteroid receptor activity [31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug Abusers

Ownby¹,

Waldrop-Va²,

Kumar³

et al. 2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Abstract:The cortisol response is an important measure of the endocrine activity to environmental challenges and has been related to cognitive function and mood. Previous studies have shown that the cortisol response to stress is dysregulated in persons with HIV-1 infection. Since cortisol is neurotoxic and its levels have been related to cognitive dysfunction in various disorders, it is possible that neuroendocrine dysregulation may also be related to cognitive dysfunction in individuals with HIV-1 infection. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the cortisol response to an alpha adrenergic challenge, cold pressor, is related to cognitive function in HIV-infected injecting drug abusers. We used growth curve modeling to study the relationship of cold pressor challenge stimulated cortisol response to scores on the modified HIV Dementia Scale (mHDS). To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of HIV-1 infection on the HDS score directly and indirectly via pattern of cortisol response. The analysis showed that HIV-1 infection was directly related to mHDS performance and that it also influenced scores on the mHDS by way of individuals' pattern of cortisol response. Cortisol response to -adrenergic challenge thus may mediate cognitive deficits in individuals with HIV-1 infection. These findings further emphasize the importance of understanding the role of stress in the cognitive problems associated with HIV-1 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug Abusers

Ownby¹,

Waldrop-Va²,

Kumar³

et al. 2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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“…Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a rare pathology, with an incidence of approximately 1 in every 100,000 individuals, and it affects people in equal proportions among the sexes [15]. It is the most common immunodeficiency syndrome among adults, and it affects individuals of any age; but in most cases this illness is not clinically apparent before the second or third decade of life [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of disseminated histoplasmosis linked to common variable immunodeficiency

et al. 2003

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Histoplasma capsulatum, a ground fungus, can infect humans, normally in endemic areas; the resulting disease can be asymptomatic or it can have a benign development, but in rare cases it can develop into a serious clinical condition and can even be fatal. Its most characteristic initial location is in the lungs, resembling tuberculosis, often accompanied by mediastinitis and an exuberant fibrotic response. The spread of this infection can be caused by the concomitance of another illness that alters the immunological balance. Sometimes such an association is not clear. Therefore, disseminated histoplasmosis is defined as a clinical condition where the fungus is present in more than one location. Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a generalized failure in the synthesis of antibodies, leading the affected individuals to present recurrent infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria, most often involving the respiratory tract. We studied a serious case of disseminated histoplasmosis, accompanied by common variable immunodeficiency, observed at the Infirmary of the department of Medical Practice of the Federal University at Paraná Hospital das Clínicas.

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“…Although total population growth of CD4 T cells in vivo is slow, the transit rate of lymphocytes between lymphoid tissue compartments and the blood pool is rapid, with estimates that individual cells transit from blood to tissue and back again as often as 2 times per day (32,42). Circadian rhythms in the absolute CD4 lymphocyte count in circulating blood (43,44) represent a well-known example of this constant variability.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Initial increase in blood CD4+ lymphocytes after HIV antiretroviral therapy reflects redistribution from lymphoid tissues

Bucy¹,

Hockett²,

Derdeyn³

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Invest.

300

182

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Previous studies proposed a dynamic, steady-state relationship between HIV-mediated cell killing and T-cell proliferation, whereby highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) blocks viral replication and tips the balance toward CD4 + cell repopulation. In this report, we have analyzed blood and lymph node tissues obtained concurrently from HIV-infected patients before and after initiation of HAART. Activated T cells were significantly more frequent in lymph node tissue compared with blood at both time points. Ten weeks after HAART, the absolute number of lymphocytes per excised lymph node decreased, whereas the number of lymphocytes in the blood tended to increase. The relative proportions of lymphoid subsets were not significantly changed in tissue or blood by HAART. The expression levels of mRNA for several proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) were lower after HAART. After therapy, the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 -adhesion molecules known to mediate lymphocyte sequestration in lymphoid tissue -was also dramatically reduced. These data provide evidence suggesting that initial increases in blood CD4 + cell counts on HAART are due to redistribution and that this redistribution is mediated by resolution of the immune activation that had sequestered T cells within lymphoid tissues.

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Abnormalities of Morning Serum Cortisol Levels and Circadian Rhythms of CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Adult Patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Cortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug Abusers

Cortisol Response Mediates HIV-1-Related Cognitive Deficits Among Injecting Drug Abusers

A case study of disseminated histoplasmosis linked to common variable immunodeficiency

Initial increase in blood CD4+ lymphocytes after HIV antiretroviral therapy reflects redistribution from lymphoid tissues

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