Abnormalities of hippocampus and frontal lobes in heart failure patients and animal models with cognitive impairment or depression: A systematic review

Abstract

Aims This systematic review aimed to study the hippocampal and frontal changes of heart failure (HF) patients and HF animal models with cognitive impairment or depression. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted independently by reviewers using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Results and conclusions 30 studies were included, involving 17 pieces of clinical research on HF patients and 13 studies of HF animal models. In HF patients, the hippocampal injuries were shown in the reduction of volume, CBF, glucose metabolism, and gray matter, which were mainly observed in the right hippocampus. The frontal damages were only in reduced gray matter and have no difference between the right and left sides. The included HF animal model studies were generalized and demonstrated the changes in inflammation and apoptosis, synaptic reduction, and neurotransmitter disorders in the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The results of HF animal model studies complemented the clinical observations by providing potential mechanistic explanations of the changes in the hippocampus and frontal lobes.

Causal associations between chronic heart failure and the cerebral cortex: results from Mendelian randomization study and integrated bioinformatics analysis

“…In recent years, researchers have devoted considerable attention to the potential causal association between HF and the structure of functional cortical regions of the brain ( 46 , 47 ). These findings have confirmed that frontal brain activity is reduced in HF, and that there is a significant positive correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and overall density of the frontal cortex ( 48 , 49 ). Notably, the conclusions drawn from subgroup analyses were opposite to the results of previous findings.…”

Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium lactis Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits in Mice Intracerebroventricularly Administered Amyloid Beta via Regulation the Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases

“…In the brain tissues of patients with AD, a massive loss of neurons is easily detected, which could be partially caused by apoptosis ( Behl, 2000 ). Neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus is a major cause of cognitive impairment in patients with AD ( Lu et al, 2022 ). Since the damaged brain tissue in these patients cannot be recovered by currently available anti-AD drugs, attenuating the process of apoptosis could be an effective way to prevent AD progression.…”

“…In the brain tissues of patients with AD, a massive loss of neurons is easily detected, which could be partially caused by apoptosis (Behl, 2000). Neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus is a major cause of cognitive impairment in patients with AD (Lu et al, 2022).…”