Abnormalities in offspring related to maternal rubella during pregnancy

Rubella Retinopathy: An Account of Six Cases

“…In addition to the possibility suggested above that later infection may damage tissues that have developed earlier, it may be, conversely, that organs that have not even begun to develop at the time of maternal infection are malformed as a result of persistence of the virus in the embryo; this has recently been demonstrated (Kay, Peppercom, Porterfield, McCarthy, and Taylor-Robinson, 1964). This would explain, for instance, the not unusual cases of deafness following maternal rubella in the first month and cases such as the child described by Dekaban et al (1958), whose mother had rubella in the fourth week of pregnancy and who showed no fewer than 11 congenital abnormalities, including deafness, cataract, heart disease, and retinopathy.…”

“…2.-Associated lesions and timing of maternal infection in 28 cases of rubella retinopathy. This figure is based on present cases and thefollowing (Babel and Dieterle, 1960;Beswick, Warner, and Warkany, 1949;Blankstein and Feiman, 1952;Cordes, 1945;Dekaban et al, 1958;Emerson, 1958;Franceschetti and Bourquin, 1946;Francois and Verriest, 1956;Gregersen, 1958;Hopkins, 1949;Ellett, 1945;Long and Danielson, 1945;Swan, Tostevin, Moore, Mayo, and Black, 1943;Swan, Tostevin, and Black, 1946).…”

Cord blood 25-hydroxy Vitamin D and Fluoride in newborn with congenital anomalies

“…Congenital anomalies (birth defects) can be defined as structural or functional abnormalities (e.g., metabolic disorders) that occur during intrauterine life and can be diagnosed prenatally, at the time of birth or after birth and later in life. There are various factors causing congenital anomalies including socioeconomic and demographic factors, 1,2 genetic factors, 3 various infections like rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, Zika virus etc., [4][5][6] deficiency of various micronutrients like iodine, folic acid, iron, vitamin A 7 and lastly environmental factors like exposure to different cytotoxic chemicals and teratogenic compounds. 8 25-hydroxy Vitamin D is an important micronutrient and its deficiency and insufficiency are common across the Drinking water is another major issue of concern in the context of children's health.…”