Abnormalities in Essential Fatty Acid Status in Alcoholism

SalemJr., Norman; Olsson, N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2582-7_3

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Such a wide variation in the results may be attributeed to differences in the type, duration and dose of alcohol, on the techniques and animal species used, diet, the lipid composition, tissues, and subcelular fraction analysed. The most consistent findings have been increases in oleic and linoleic acid and decreases in arachidonic acids together with decreases in other PUFA of n-6 and n-3 series (12,37,38). In our study, the percentages of linoleic acids were unaffected by either alcohol or a high fat diet, probably indicating an adequate intake and absorption of linoleate.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Alcohol is known to alter the levels of tissue and serum fatty acid (for review see 37). Previous analysis of the PUFA content of the liver and blood from animals fed alcohol chronically have produced widely conflict ing results but most studies with a alcoholic liver dis ease model showed that chronic alcohol exposure is capable of altering the fatty acid composition in liver phospholipids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Quantities of Fat on Serum and Liver Lipids, Phospholipid Class Distribution and Fatty Acid Composition in Alcohol-Treated Rats

Ristić‐Medić¹,

Ristic²,

Tepšić³

2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe present study investigated the quantitative effect of dietary fats and inges tion of alcohol on serum and liver lipids, fatty acid bound to phospholipids and their class distribution of male Wistar rats. The rats in C (control) and A (alcohol) groups were fed a standard laboratory diet, HFC (high fat-control) and HFA (high fat-alcohol) groups were fed a high fat diet (standard diet supplemented with 20g%w/w, sunflower oil: lard mixture 1: 1) for 6wk. Alcohol-treated rats consumed alcohol at the rate of 9g/kgbw/d (15-20% energy). Liver phospholipid (PL) content was decreased, and phospholipid/cholesterol liver molar ratio increased in the alcohol treated rats. The proportion of serum sphingophospho lipid (Sph) was significantly lower and proportion of phosphatidylcholin (PC) significantly higher in serum PL in alcohol-treated rats. Phospholipid class distribution was unaffected by alcohol feeding in liver. Significantly lower levels of 16:1n-7 and higher levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:4n-6 in the serum PL were observed in the alcohol-treated rats. The groups on the HF diet increased levels of 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6 and total n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)and decreased levels of 18:1n-9 and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)in both liver and serum PL, but n-3 fatty acid increased in serum PL and decreased in liver PL compared to groups on the standard diet. Alcohol fat interaction was evident in MUFA and PUFA/SFA in serum PL and n-6, MUFA, PUPA and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios (PUFA/SFA) in liver PL. This study showed that the high fat intake in alcohol-treated rats increased levels of 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6 and 20:4/18:2 ratio, and decreased level of 18:1n -9 in liver and serum phospholipids.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Quantities of Fat on Serum and Liver Lipids, Phospholipid Class Distribution and Fatty Acid Composition in Alcohol-Treated Rats

Ristić‐Medić¹,

Ristic²,

Tepšić³

2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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show abstract

“…In addition loss of tissue PUFAs due to alcohol use has been documented in several reviews (Lands et al, 1998;Salem and Olsson, 1997). We had hypothesized that a deficiency in n-3 PUFAs would not be limited to alcoholics but would also be found in polysubstance abusers and that they would respond positively to the administration of n-3 PUFAs supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations between increases in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids following supplementation and decreases in anger and anxiety in substance abusers

Buydens‐Branchey

Branchey

Hibbeln

2008

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Objective-Mounting evidence indicates that low levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in the pathophysiology of a large number of psychiatric disorders. In light of the suboptimal n-3 PUFAs intake due to poor dietary habits among substance abusers and the strong associations between aggression, anxiety and substance use disorders we examined if insurance of adequate intakes of n-3 PUFAs with supplementation would decrease their anger and anxiety scores.Method-Substance abusers (n=22) were assigned to either 3 g of n-3 PUFAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or soybean oil in identically looking capsules. The trial was double-blind, randomized and lasted 3 months. Anger and anxiety scales were administered at baseline and once a month thereafter. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the trial.Results-Patients' dietary intakes of n-3 PUFAs fell below recommended levels. Assignment to n-3 PUFA treatment was accompanied by significant decreases in anger and anxiety scores compared to placebo assignment. These changes were associated with increases in plasma levels of both EPA and DHA but an increase in EPA was more robustly correlated with low end-of-trial anxiety scores and an increase in DHA was more robustly correlated with low end-of-trial anger scores.Conclusion-These pilot data indicate that ensuring adequate n-3 PUFA intake via supplementation benefits substance abusers by reducing their anger and anxiety levels. The strong correlations between an increase in plasma EPA and lower anxiety scores and between an increase in plasma DHA and lower anger scores suggests a need for the further exploration of the differential responses to these two n-3 PUFAs in different psychiatric conditions.

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“…Women with known fatty acid metabolic disorders and with high-risk pregnancies, including hypertensives, diabetics, and those developing gestational diabetes, were excluded from the study. As alcohol has known effects on fatty acid metabolism and composition (40,41), women consuming alcohol during pregnancy were not included in this analysis focused on pregnancy and postpartum effects. Maternal fasting blood samples (15 ml) were collected by venipuncture at 24 weeks of gestation, at delivery, and at 3 months postpartum.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

Stark

Beblo

Murthy

et al. 2005

Journal of Lipid Research

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102

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Abnormalities in Essential Fatty Acid Status in Alcoholism

Cited by 15 publications

References 89 publications

Effects of Different Quantities of Fat on Serum and Liver Lipids, Phospholipid Class Distribution and Fatty Acid Composition in Alcohol-Treated Rats

Effects of Different Quantities of Fat on Serum and Liver Lipids, Phospholipid Class Distribution and Fatty Acid Composition in Alcohol-Treated Rats

Associations between increases in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids following supplementation and decreases in anger and anxiety in substance abusers

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

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