Abnormalities in acute salivary biochemical characteristic responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in chronic non‐atrophic gastritis

Abstract

Background and Aim Salivary characteristics are altered in gastrointestinal diseases and related to oral taste disorder. However, specific salivary biochemical characteristics and their relationships with oral taste disturbances in chronic non‐atrophy gastritis (CNAG) remain uncertain. Methods Seventy patients with CNAG and 70 subjects in healthy control group (HCG) were enrolled in our study. The levels of salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, salivary α‐amylase (sAA) activity, total protein density (TPD), chloride concentration, and calcium concentration were determined before and after citric acid stimulation and compared between CNAG with and without oral taste disturbances. Results Average body mass index (BMI) of CNAG (17.75 ± 2.08) was lower than that of HCG (21.96 ± 1.72, P < 0.01). Compared with HCG, CNAG showed increased TPD and calcium concentration but decreased SFR both before and after acid stimulation (P < 0.01), as well as reduced sAA and salivary chloride responses to acid stimulation (P < 0.01). Compared with CNAG with normal BMI (24.29%, 17/70), sAA activity response to acid stimulation was reduced in those with low BMI (75.71%, 53/70, P < 0.05). Under resting condition, CNAG with dry mouth (55.71%, 39/70) showed increased SFR and decreased TPD (P < 0.05), as compared with CNAG without dry mouth (44.29%, 31/70). Compared with CNAG without bitter taste (57.14%, 40/70), pH was decreased in those with bitter taste (42.86%, 30/70) under both resting and stimulated conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion Decreased sAA activity may reflect malnutrition state and be one potential marker of poor digestion, decreased salivary pH may contribute to bitter taste perception, and reduced TPD might be a cause of dry mouth in CNAG.

Decreased salivary α-amylase activity responding to citric acid stimulation in Myasthenia gravis with malnutrition

“…Consequently, rapid reaction of salivary glands to acid stimulation can provide more pathophysiological information compared to single assessment of resting saliva. In line with our previous findings [ 20 , 21 , 30 ], current data showed that there is no significant difference in sAA activity between HCG and MG under resting conditions, but acute sAA activity responding to acid stimulation is reduced in MG and increased in HCG. These data suggested that acute salivary responses induced by acid stimulation can reflect the physiologic state of the body in MG, such as nutritional and metabolic variations.…”

“…Hence we hypothesized that the acute sAA activity responding to acid stimulation may be directly associated with the nutritional status. As expected, our previous studies observed a significant decrease in the ratio of sAA activity in chronic non-atrophy gastritis patients [ 20 ] and in thin children [ 21 ]. In line with the above findings, the present data have shown that sAA activity responding to acid stimulation was significantly reduced in MG, the ratio of sAA activity in MG patients with low BMI was significantly decreased compared to those with normal BMI, and a significant strong positive correlation between the ratio of sAA activity and BMI in MG.…”

“…Moreover, salivary compositions are closely associated with nutritional status, where some elements in saliva, such as protein, minerals and vitamins, were changed with alteration in nutritional status [ 18 , 19 ]. Our prior data have shown that salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity, in response to citric acid stimulation, reduced significantly in low-BMI children and chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients [ 20 , 21 ]. As mentioned, presently available full nutritional assessments are not only cumbersome but also invasive.…”

Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux

“…Between the erosive attacks, all specimens were perfused with arti cial saliva. While immediately after each attack, the ow rate was enhanced to simulate increased salivary ow during acid exposure in-vivo [30] and to wash away the acid and stop the erosive process, the regular ow rate was 0.5 ml/min which corresponds with normal unstimulated salivation [31].…”

Metabolomics Profiles Associated with the Treatment of Zuojin Pill on Patients with Chronic Nonatrophic Gastritis

“…It has always been overlooked owing to the lack of a specific symptom in the past few decades. Even so, accumulative evidence indicates that CNG is the preliminary stage of chronic gastritis and could gradually progress into atrophic gastritis or even gastric carcinoma ( Lin et al, 2019 ). Its discomfort accompanied with distention, belching, acid regurgitation, and nausea also intensifies the afflictive experience ( Zhang et al, 2014 ).…”