Abnormal stimulus processing in posttraumatic stress disorder

McFarlane, Alexander C.; Weber, Darren L.; Clark, C. Richard

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90088-u

Cited by 196 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…20,21 Consequently, abused children have posteriori abnormal concentration of attention and impulse control. These symptoms might also be valid for ADHD-A in a cross-sectional study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children

Endo

Sugiyama²,

Someya

2006

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric problems and characteristics among children of child abuse (CA). Specifically, the authors investigated whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were exhibited before or after CA. A total of 39 abused child inpatients who were treated at Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan, (mean age, 10.7 ± 2.6; mean IQ scores, 84.1 ± 19.3) were included in the study. The most frequent diagnosis was dissociative disorder in 59% of abused subjects. ADHD was diagnosed in 18% of abused subjects, and 71% of ADHD children had comorbid dissociative disorder. A total of 67% of all CA subjects fulfilled the ADHD criteria A according to DSM-IV-TR, however, only 27% of those fulfilled the criteria before CA. The subjects of dissociative disorder fulfilled ADHD criteria A more frequently than those of non-dissociative disorder (P = 0.013), and this result led to an increase in the frequency of the apparent ADHD. The rate of ADHD-suspected parents in the subjects who fulfilled ADHD criteria A after CA was significantly lower than those who fulfilled it before CA (P = 0.005). While it is difficult to distinguish ADHD from dissociative disorder, abused children may have increased apparent ADHD due to dissociative disorder. Further studies should be conducted in order to explore the distinct biological differences between ADHD before CA and the subjects who fulfilled ADHD criteria A after CA.

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“…20,21 Consequently, abused children have posteriori abnormal concentration of attention and impulse control. These symptoms might also be valid for ADHD-A in a cross-sectional study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children

Endo

Sugiyama²,

Someya

2006

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These findings are representative of other studies with war Veterans in which PTSD was associated with deficits on encoding (e.g., Gurvits, Lasko, Schacter, Kuhne, Orr, & Pitman, 1993;Uddo, Vasterling, Brailey, & Sutker, 1993;Barrett, Green, Morris, Giles, & Croft, 1996;Vasterling, Brailey, Constans, Borges, & Sutker, 1997;Beckham, Crawford, & Feldman, 1998;Gilbertson et al, 2001), but not set-shifting (Gurvits et al, 1993;Sullivan, Krengel, Proctor, Devine, Heeren, & White, 2003) or focus-execute tasks (Litz et al, 1996). Findings regarding sustained attention have been mixed, with studies finding PTSD-related deficits in Veterans (Semple et al, 1996) and civilians (e.g., McFarlane, Weber, & Clark, 1993) while other studies of Veterans found no relation (Sullivan et al, 2003;Vasterling et al, 2000). These mixed findings may be related to differences across sustained attention tasks.…”

Section: Attention and Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

et al. 2012

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are highly prevalent among Veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These conditions are associated with common and unique neuropsychological and neuroanatomical changes. This review synthesizes neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies for both of these disorders and studies examining their co-occurrence. Recommendations for future research, including utilizing combined neuropsychological and advanced neuroimaging techniques to study these disorders alone and in concert, are presented. It is clear from the dearth of literature that more attention in the literature should be given to examining temporal relationships between PTSD and mTBI, risk and resilience factors associated with both disorders and their co-occurrence, and mTBI-specific factors such as time since injury and severity of injury, utilizing comprehensive, yet targeted cognitive tasks.

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“…As a comparative study on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in PTSD has shown, responsiveness or unresponsiveness to treatment is determined by the level of executive functioning in the person, not demographic characteristics [17]. In other words, improvement in executive functioning is regarded as a pretreatment.…”

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, their attention is directly drawn to the trauma-related stimuli [15], which is due to their limited capacity for proper cognitive control [16]. Hyperarousal symptoms can also be due to the overstimulation of attention that is followed by reduced selective attention [17]. The more impairment in the executive functioning, the less likely that pharmacotherapy can have significant results, and the more obstacles in the course of treatment [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function and Attention Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Study on Iranian War Veterans

Samadi

Kashani

Kami

et al. 2018

IRJ

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Objectives:Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) show poor cognitive performance during neuropsychological tests. Literature is scarce regarding veterans suffering with chronic PTSD. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the cognitive deficiencies of veterans with chronic PTSD with those of healthy participants. Methods:A total of 51 hospitalized veterans and 45 healthy individuals were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Both groups performed a simple Stroop Test and the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Results:The results of independent samples t-test showed a significant difference in cognitive impairment between the veterans with PTSD and healthy subjects, and the veterans had lower performances on most aspects of the tests than that of the control group.Discussion: According to our results, veterans with chronic PTSD showed lower cognitive performance than that of healthy individuals. This suggests that examination of the cognitive functioning of patients with PTSD can be useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PTSD.

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Abnormal stimulus processing in posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 196 publications

References 41 publications

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

Executive Function and Attention Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Study on Iranian War Veterans

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