Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma-neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder

Moores, Kathryn A.; Clark, C. Richard; McFarlane, Alexander C.; Brown, G. A.; Puce, Aina; Taylor, D. J.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.08.011

Cited by 111 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The first hypothesis is that the effects of short-and long-term administration of psychotropic medications on neural functioning during a resting state differ in PTSD patients and healthy controls. The second is that the effects of psychotropic medications on neural functioning at baseline versus during relevant cognitive tasks, such as working memory tasks, 88 differ in PTSD patients and healthy controls. Such studies will allow an examination of brain activation changes associated with task-dependent effects of the drug or placebo and task-independent effects of the drug or placebo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does neuroimaging research examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder require medication-free patients?

Lanius

Brewin

Bremner

et al. 2010

jpn

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Background:In an attempt to avoid unknown influence, most neuroimaging studies examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exclude patients taking medications. Here we review the empirical evidence for relevant medications having a confounding effect on task performance or cerebral blood flow (CBF) in this population. The evidence for potentially confounding effects of psychotherapy in PTSD are also discussed. Methods: The literature that we reviewed was obtained through a PubMed search from 1980 to 2009 using the search terms posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, psychotropic medications, neuroimaging, functional magnetic res onance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebral blood flow, CBF, serotonin-specific reuptake blocker, benzodiazepine, ketamine, methamphetamine, lamotrigine and atypical antipsychotic agents. Results: The empirical evidence for relevant medications having a confounding effect on task performance or CBF in relevant areas remains sparse for most psychotropic medications among patients with PTSD. However, considerable evidence is accumulating for 2 of the most commonly prescribed medication classes (serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines) in healthy controls. Compelling data for the potentially confounding effects on brain areas relevant to PTSD for psychotherapeutic interventions are also accumulating. Conclusion: Neuroimaging studies examining the pathophysiology of PTSD should ideally recruit both medicated (assuming that the medication treatment has not resulted in the remission of symptoms) and unmedicated participants, to allow the findings to be generalized with greater confidence to the entire population of patients with PTSD. More research is needed into the independent effects of medications on task performance and CBF in regions of interest in PTSD. Neuroimaging studies should also take into account whether patients are currently engaged in psychotherapeutic treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does neuroimaging research examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder require medication-free patients?

Lanius

Brewin

Bremner

et al. 2010

jpn

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“…Rather than being a mere consequence of psychiatric symptomatology, reduced neurocognitive functioning also increases the vulnerability for its development (36). As such, the persistent changes in the mesofrontal circuit may also play a role in the development of psychiatric symptoms, and contribute to the neural abnormalities observed in patients with PTSD (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, acute stress impairs working memory and attention by affecting the prefrontal cortex (13,14), but the long-term consequences of severe stress are unknown. Patients that have developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after severe stress exposure also show working memory abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (15,16), but it is unclear whether this is caused by severe stress exposure, the experience of stress symptoms, preexisting abnormalities, or a combination of those factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent and reversible consequences of combat stress on the mesofrontal circuit and cognition

Wingen

Geuze

Caan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Prolonged stress can have long-lasting effects on cognition. Animal models suggest that deficits in executive functioning could result from alterations within the mesofrontal circuit. We investigated this hypothesis in soldiers before and after deployment to Afghanistan and a control group using functional and diffusion tensor imaging. Combat stress reduced midbrain activity and integrity, which was associated to compromised sustained attention. Longterm follow-up showed that the functional and structural changes had normalized within 1.5 y. In contrast, combat stress induced a persistent reduction in functional connectivity between the midbrain and prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that combat stress has adverse effects on the human mesofrontal circuit and suggests that these alterations are partially reversible.functional MRI | working memory | prospective | posttraumatic stress disorder | dopamine

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“…1,7 Of these, working memory has been found to be particularly affected. 8 Neuroimaging studies have suggested frontal and parietal dysfunction as a source for working memory alterations in patients wtih PTSD with an under-recruitment of dorsolateral frontal 9,10 and posterior parietal sites, 10 which are classically associated with the n-back task in healthy participants. 11 Moreover, frontoparietal functional connectivity appears to be altered when patients perform working memory tasks, 12,13 showing a lack of differentiation between the networks implicated in the maintenance and the updating of information in patients with PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory processing of traumatic material in women with pottraumatic stress disorder

Landré¹,

Destrieux²,

Andersson³

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma-neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder

Cited by 111 publications

References 34 publications

Does neuroimaging research examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder require medication-free patients?

Does neuroimaging research examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder require medication-free patients?

Persistent and reversible consequences of combat stress on the mesofrontal circuit and cognition

Working memory processing of traumatic material in women with pottraumatic stress disorder

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