Abnormal prediction error processing in schizophrenia and depression

Abstract

To make adaptive decisions under uncertainty, individuals need to actively monitor the discrepancy between expected outcomes and actual outcomes, known as prediction errors. Reward-based learning deficits have been shown in both depression and schizophrenia patients. For this study, we compiled studies that investigated prediction error processing in depression and schizophrenia patients and performed a series of meta-analyses. In both groups, positive t-maps of prediction error tend to yield striatum activity across studies. The analysis of negative t-maps of prediction error revealed two large clusters within the right superior and inferior frontal lobes in schizophrenia and the medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral insula in depression. The concordant posterior cingulate activity was observed in both patient groups, more prominent in the depression group and absent in the healthy control group. These findings suggest a possible role in dopamine-rich areas associated with the encoding of prediction errors in depression and schizophrenia.

Tactile suppression stems from specific sensorimotor predictions

“…Our findings provide evidence for the origins and underlying mechanisms of tactile suppression and form the ground to unify the processes that govern sensory tuning, also in other modalities, such as vision ( 40 – 42 but see also 43 ) and audition (see 44 for a review). This contributes to a better understanding of the computational principles and neurobiological substrates of human sensorimotor control as well as of clinical phenomena related to predictive mechanisms, such as Parkinson’s disease ( 45 ), obsessive-compulsive disorder ( 46 ), schizophrenia ( 47 , 48 ), and depression ( 49 ).…”

A meta‐analysis of the neural substrates of monetary reward anticipation and outcome in alcohol use disorder

“…Moreover, conjunction analysis and contrast analysis were performed to reveal the shared or distinct reward responses between the anticipation phase and outcome phase, as described in corresponding meta‐analyses (Brandl et al, 2022 ; Fouragnan et al, 2018 ; Yaple et al, 2021 ). Specifically, we ran a conjunction analysis between the two components to formally quantify the degree of overlap between anticipatory and outcome brain activity and ran a contrast analyses between anticipation and outcome groups to identify the areas unique and specific to the anticipation and outcome stages.…”

Neural Circuitry of Salience and Reward Processing in Psychosis

“…We do note that there have been inconsistencies in the literature of prediction error signaling in psychosis. This is reflected in the conflicting accounts of two meta-analyses, one of which found relatively little evidence of abnormal fMRI reward prediction error signals in patients with schizophrenia compared with control subjects, although there were differences between schizophrenia and depression ( 48 , 64 ). Another meta-analysis did document striatal reward prediction error abnormalities in psychosis ( 65 ).…”