Abnormal polyunsaturated lipid metabolism in the obese Zucker rat, with partial metabolic correction by γ-linolenic acid administration

Phinney, Stephen D.; Tang, Aaron; Thurmond, Debbie C.; Nakamura, Manabu; Stern, Judith S.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90270-x

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Below-normal proportions of PL 20:4n-6 have been reported in serum from obese humans [24] and in liver from obese Zucker rats [39], suggesting an abnormality in D-6 desaturase activity or in the catabolism or distribution of 20:4n-6. A low proportion of 18:2n-6 has been described in obesity associated with insulin resistant states [24], and a reduced content of 18:2n-6 in TG, CE, and PL has been reported in obese adult patients [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Syndrome Affects Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Obese Prepubertal Children

Gil-Campos

Ramírez-Tortosa

Larqué

et al. 2008

Lipids

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The aim of the present study was to assess the plasma fatty acid composition of the total plasma lipids and lipid fractions in obese prepubertal children with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Thirty-four obese prepubertal children were recruited: 17 who met MS criteria and 17 who did not; and twenty prepubertal children of normal weight. MS characteristics, insulin resistance (by homeostasis model assessment [HOMA-IR]), and plasma adiponectin (by radioimmunoassay) were recorded. Separation of lipid fractions was performed by liquid chromatography and the concentration of fatty acids in total plasma lipids and fractions was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Concentrations of 16:1n-7, 16:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in total plasma lipids (P < 0.05) and of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and n-6 PUFA in triacylglycerols (TG) (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in obese MS versus normal-weight children. Increased risk of MS was positively associated with plasma concentration of 16:1n-7 and negatively associated with proportion of 20:4n-6 (OR 2.76; P = 0.004; OR 0.56, P = 0.030, respectively). Saturated FA in TG were associated with HOMA-IR (R = 0.349, P = 0.017) and 22:5n-6 with adiponectin (R = 0.336, P = 0.05). In conclusion, increased concentrations of 16:1n-7 and decreased proportions of 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 in plasma lipids appear to be early markers of MS in children at prepubertal age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Syndrome Affects Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Obese Prepubertal Children

Gil-Campos

Ramírez-Tortosa

Larqué

et al. 2008

Lipids

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“…Given the regulatory role of arachidonic acid as a ligand for PPAR and in gene expression (e.g., fatty acid synthase) [27], this degree of rise in 20:4n-6 has the potential to influence fuel partitioning. In the obese Zucker rat, the increase in liver PL arachidonic acid from 22.68 to 25.23 wt% (an 11% change) induced by feeding 18:3n-6 was associated with significant reductions in food intake and body fat content [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Markers of Inflammation

Forsythe

Phinney

Fernández

et al. 2007

Lipids

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293

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Abnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome. We tested whether these components of metabolic syndrome, like dyslipidemia and glycemia, are responsive to carbohydrate restriction. Overweight men and women with atherogenic dyslipidemia consumed ad libitum diets very low in carbohydrate (VLCKD) (1504 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 12:59:28) or low in fat (LFD) (1478 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 56:24:20) for 12 weeks. In comparison to the LFD, the VLCKD resulted in an increased proportion of serum total n-6 PUFA, mainly attributed to a marked increase in arachidonate (20:4n-6), while its biosynthetic metabolic intermediates were decreased. The n-6/n-3 and arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio also increased sharply. Total saturated fatty acids and 16:1n-7 were consistently decreased following the VLCKD. Both diets significantly decreased the concentration of several serum inflammatory markers, but there was an overall greater anti-inflammatory effect associated with the VLCKD, as evidenced by greater decreases in TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, E-selectin, I-CAM, and PAI-1. Increased 20:4n-6 and the ratios of 20:4n-6/20:5n-3 and n-6/n-3 are commonly viewed as pro-inflammatory, but unexpectedly were consistently inversely associated with responses in inflammatory proteins. In summary, a very low carbohydrate diet resulted in profound alterations in fatty acid composition and reduced inflammation compared to a low fat diet.

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“…These observations are in close agreement with findings of other studies in obese children [12,13,15,16,33] . Delta-6-desaturase is stimulated by protein and energy intakes [35][36][37] and has also been reported to be activated by insulin [35,38,39] and to be associated with insulin-resistant states [10,12,16,17,33] and CVD risk factors [33] . Although we did not measure insulin, an indirect implication of these results may indicate that our Data are expressed as means 8 SD and mean differences (95% CI).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Obese Male and Female Mexican Children

et al. 2010

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Aim: To assess the plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition in obese Mexican children and evaluate gender differences and predisposition to health risks. Methods: This was a case-control study of 100 obese and 100 normal-weight children aged 6–12 years. BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and percentage of body fat were determined. PL fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Results: Compared to normal-weight children, obese children had significantly higher proportions of 18:0, 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, saturated fatty acids (SFA), total highly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and total n-3 but lower proportions of 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 22:5n-6, monounsaturated fatty acids, and total n-9. Obese children had significantly higher ratios of 20:3n-6/18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 + 20:3n-6/18:2n-6, and they had lower ratios of 20:4n-6/20:3n-6 and n-6/n-3. The predictors positively associated with obesity, in decreasing association strength, were 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, and SFA. Obese boys showed significantly higher 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 20:3n-6/18:2 n-6, 18:3n-6 + 20:3n-6/18:2n-6, and 20:5n-3/20:4n-6, higher UFAs, and lower 18:2n-6 and 22:6n-3/20:4n-6 compared to obese girls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant alterations in the proportions of plasma PL fatty acids were found in obese children, especially in male subjects, which might place them in danger of early cardiovascular risk; however, an insulin-resistant state might be responsible for their fatty acid composition. More studies are needed since there are none in Mexican children.

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Abnormal polyunsaturated lipid metabolism in the obese Zucker rat, with partial metabolic correction by γ-linolenic acid administration

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Metabolic Syndrome Affects Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Obese Prepubertal Children

Metabolic Syndrome Affects Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Obese Prepubertal Children

Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Markers of Inflammation

Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Obese Male and Female Mexican Children

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