Abnormal piezoelectric properties of acceptor doped 0.75BF-0.25BT lead-free ceramics for application in atomizer

Hard piezoelectric properties of lead‐free BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics

“…Figure of merit (FOM = k p × Q m ) for piezoelectric transducers as a function of Curie temperature ( T C ) for undoped and/or doped BiFeO 3 –BaTiO 3 (BF–BT) ceramics, 0.70Bi 1.04 FeO 3 –0.30BaTiO 3 (BF30BT), 26 0.70Bi 1.05 FeO 3 –0.30BaTiO 3 (BF30BT), 24 0.69Bi 1.08 FeO 3 –0.31BaTiO 3 (BF31BT), 27 0.75Bi(Fe 0.98 Mn 0.02 )FeO 3 –0.25BaTiO 3 (BF25–Mn), 25 0.76BiFeO 3 –0.24BaTiO 3 –0.025Bi(Zn 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 + 0.0035MnO 2 + 0.003Li 2 CO 3 (BF24–BZT–MnLC), 28 0.725BiFeO 3 –0.275BaTiO 3 + 0.35 mol% MnO 2 + 0.3 mol% Li 2 CO 3 (BF 27.5 BT–Mn–LC), 29 0.71BiFeO 3 –0.29BaTiO 3 + 0.9 wt% MnO 2 (BF29BT–Mn), 21 0.7BiFeO 3 –0.3BaTiO 3 –0.0035MnCO 3 + 0.002Li 2 CO 3 + 0.4 mol% CuO (BF30BT–Mn–LC–Cu), 30 0.70BiFeO 3 –0.3BaTiO 3 + 0.025BZT + 0.3 mol% Li 2 CO 3 + 0.0035MnO 2 (BF30BTBZT–LC–Mn), 31 0.67BiFeO 3 –0.33BaTiO 3 –0.03Bi(Zn 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 + 0.0035MnCO 3 + 0.004CuO (BF33BT–BZTMn–Cu), 32 0.67BiFeO 3 –0.33BaTiO 3 –0.02BiGaO 3 + 0.0035MnO 2 (BF33BT–BG–Mn), 33 and 0.67BiFeO 3 –0.33BaTiO 3 + 0.35 mol% MnO 2 + 0.01BiScO 3 (BF33BT–Mn–BS) 34 …”

“…20 In BF-BT ceramics, low Q m s of less than 210 were reported. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] In this work, we investigated hard piezoelectric properties in compositions of R-phase region in BF-BT. The unmodified (1 -x)BF-xBT solid solution ceramics with x = 0.20, 0.225, 0.25, 0.275, and 0.30 were prepared.…”

“…A good Q m of ∼220 was reported for BF when a rapid sintering method with a heating rate of 100°C/s was used despite the difficulty of synthesizing single‐phase BF ceramics 20 . In BF–BT ceramics, low Q m s of less than 210 were reported 21–33 …”

Establishing a Relationship between the Piezoelectric Response and Oxygen Vacancies in Lead-Free Piezoelectrics

“…15 Moreover, the acceptor dopant also results in the formation of oxygen vacancies. 16,17 Studies in recent years have shown that oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on electrostrain and piezoelectric properties. In BF-based ceramics, the introduction of Sc 3+ into BFSc x -0.3BT ceramics can effectively suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies (V O…”

“…Oxygen vacancies commonly occur in BF-based ceramics due to the inevitable volatilization of the Bi element and the fluctuation of the Fe valence state during the sintering process . Moreover, the acceptor dopant also results in the formation of oxygen vacancies. , Studies in recent years have shown that oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on electrostrain and piezoelectric properties. In BF-based ceramics, the introduction of Sc 3+ into BFSc x -0.3BT ceramics can effectively suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies ( V O •• = V O1 •• + V O2 •• ).…”