“…The existing literature allows us to understand that a high degree of dependence and contagion exists among banks within and across countries and regions during crisis periods (Paltalidis et al, 2015;Black et al, 2016;Dungey et al, 2017;Duprey et al, 2017;Mohanty et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2019;Verma et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Zedda and Cannas, 2020). Furthermore, various determinants, such as fundamental factors, liquidity, market factors, interbank loans, and macroprudential policies, can contribute to the degree of systemic risk (Acharya and Steffen, 2013;Pais and Stock, 2013;Acemoglu et al, 2015;Battaglia and Gallo, 2017;Soedarmono et al, 2017;Varotto and Zhao, 2018;Su and Wong, 2018;Elyasiani and Jia, 2019;Yang et al, 2020;Andries et al, 2020;Bats and Houben, 2020;Brunnermeier et al, 2020;Meuleman and Vennet, 2020).…”