Abnormal immunity of non-survivors with COVID-19: predictors for mortality

Abstract

Background: The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has rapidly increased all over the world. Specific information about immunity in non-survivors with COVID-19 is scarce. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and abnormal immunity of the confirmed COVID-19 non-survivors. Methods: In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 125 patients with COVID-19 who were died between January 13 and March 4, 2020 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. A total of 414 randomly recruited patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were discharged from the same hospital during the same period served as control. The demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings at admission, and treatment used in these patients were collected. The immunity-related risk factors associated with in-hospital death were tested by logistic regression models and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.

Interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are excellent biomarkers for the prediction of COVID-19 progression and severity

“…Consistent with other studies, our results revealed that COVID-19 patients had higher WBC count, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia [ 12 , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Chen et al [ 30 ] reported that leukocytosis was found in 24% and neutrophilia in 38% of COVID-19 patients.…”

Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis a Predictor of Increased Susceptibility to Poor Outcome of COVID-19 Patients? An Update

“…COVID-19 patients display immune response deregulation and increased levels of specific inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, with these alterations being particularly intense in severe patients, in a condition often referred as cytokine storm [ 32 , 33 , 53 , 55 ]. Other studies also report that the blood lymphocyte percentage might reflect disease progression and severity [ 59 ], as well as the number of leukocytes and B and natural killer (NK) cells [ 81 , 82 ]. Gut microbiota plays major functions in the host, including immune system education and strengthening [ 1 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Stem cells and COVID-19: are the human amniotic cells a new hope for therapies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus?

“… Neonatal lung injury CM- hAMSCs EXO-hAMSCs hAMSCs Preclinical ✓ Reducing pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration AI effect Li et al [ 1 ] Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate lung injury induced by white smoke inhalation in rats Lung injury hAMSCs Preclinical ✓ Reducing lung injury, lung fibrosis, CT score, and inflammation levels AI and AF effects Cui et al [ 2 ] Nrf2 transfection enhances the efficacy of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells to repair lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide Lung injury hAMSCs Preclinical ✓ Decreasing lung injury, lung fibrosis, and inflammation AI and AF effects Zhang et al . [ 3 ] Conditioned medium from amniotic membrane-derived cells prevents lung fibrosis and preserves blood gas exchanges in bleomycin-injured mice-specificity of the effects and insights into possible mechanisms Lung fibrosis CM-hAMSCs Preclinical ✓ Decreasing lung fibrosis and preserving the blood gas parameters ✓ Diminishing lung macrophage levels IM, AI, and AF effect Cargnoni et al [ 4 ] Human amnion epithelial cell transplantation abrogates lung fibrosis and augments repair Lung fibrosis hAECs Preclinical ✓ Reducing inflammation and lung collagen. AI and AF effects.…”

“…Moreover, pre-existing comorbidities, older age, and male sex are the major risk factors for complications. These conditions could result in death, without effective treatment [ 3 , 4 ].…”