Abnormal gyral complexity in first-episode schizophrenia

Narr, Katherine L.; Bilder, Robert M.; Kim, Sharon; Thompson, Paul M.; Szeszko, Philip R.; Robinson, Delbert G.; Lüders, Eileen; Toga, Arthur W.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.027

Cited by 130 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown regional cortical folding abnormalities of gyrification (Harris et al, 2004a;Harris et al, 2004b;Kulynych et al, 1997;Sallet et al, 2003;Vogeley et al, 2000), asymmetry, complexity and variability (Narr et al, 2001;Narr et al, 2004) in patients with schizophrenia. These studies used a variety of methods to compare the spatial distribution of entire gyri and sulci.…”

Section: Cortical Development and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Since the GI measures the ratio of inner and outer cortical surface contours, these studies were limited to analyses of brain slices in different lobes. Cortical folding abnormalities of asymmetry, complexity and variability in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of schizophrenia patients have been reported in MRI studies by Narr and colleagues (Narr et al, 2001;Narr et al, 2004). Using cortical surface matching based on major sulcus landmarks, Narr and colleagues found greater variability and deviations of gyral complexity asymmetry in the frontal areas and significant gyral asymmetries in the temporal and parietal regions of schizophrenia patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Abnormal cortical folding patterns within Broca's area in schizophrenia: Evidence from structural MRI

Wisco¹,

Kuperberg²,

Manoach³

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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We compared cortical folding patterns between patients with schizophrenia and demographicallymatched healthy controls in prefrontal and temporal regions of interest. Using the Freesurfer (http:// surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu) cortical surface-based reconstruction methodology, we indirectly ascertained cortical displacement and convolution, together, by measuring the degree of metric distortion required to optimally register cortical folding patterns to an average template. An area within the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) showed significantly reduced metric distortion in the patient group relative to the control group (p = 0.0352). We discuss these findings in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis and language dysfunction in schizophrenia.

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Section: Cortical Development and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Abnormal cortical folding patterns within Broca's area in schizophrenia: Evidence from structural MRI

Wisco¹,

Kuperberg²,

Manoach³

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Disease-related factors associated with schizophrenia are further found to influence structural asymmetry patterns. Atypical asymmetries of the planum temporale, the superior temporal gyrus, the Sylvian fissure (Hoff et al, 1992;Shenton et al, 1992;Falkai et al, 1995a;Gur and Chin, 1999), the cerebellum (Szeszko et al, 2003), disturbances of cerebral torque (Luchins and Meltzer, 1983;Bilder et al, 1994;Falkai et al, 1995b;DeLisi et al, 1997) and altered hemispheric gyrification patterns (Kulynych et al, 1997;Vogeley et al, 2000;Narr et al, 2001;Narr et al, 2004a) have been documented. A non-trivial number of studies, however, fail to replicate findings of altered structural lateralization in schizophrenia (Harrison, 1999;Narr et al, 2001;Shenton et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Narr¹,

Bilder²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Some evidence suggests that sex, handedness and disease processes associated with schizophrenia affect the magnitude and/or direction of structural brain asymmetries. There are mixed findings, however, on how these factors influence cerebral torque, when torque is assessed with linear or volumetric measurements. We obtained MRI data from 67 healthy (30 males, 10 non-dextrals) and 84 schizophrenia subjects (60 males; 16 non-dextrals) and applied cortical pattern matching to spatially relate and compare differences in the surface morphology of the two cerebral hemispheres at high spatial resolution. Asymmetry indices, computed at thousands of matched hemispheric locations, were used to examine effects of sex, handedness and schizophrenia on hemispheric shape asymmetries while controlling for age and the other factors. Highly significant and discriminative right-frontal and left parietal-occipital surface expansions and protrusions (petalias) were mapped within groups. Although hemispheric shape asymmetries appeared less pronounced within female non-dextrals, asymmetry indices were not shown to differ significantly across sex, hand preference or diagnosis, or to reveal interactions of handedness with sex or diagnosis. Our 3D maps of spatially detailed anterior and posterior hemispheric shape asymmetries reflect subtle geometric distortions in hemispheric surface morphology that cannot be characterized with 2D or volumetric methods. Inter-individual variations in hemispheric torque appear minimally influenced by sex, dextrality or disease status. Biological factors driving language dominance or other lateralized brain functions dissociable from handedness, may more closely relate to hemispheric shape asymmetries, while the lateralization of other discrete brain

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“…Coltheart, Langdon & McKay, 2007, for details). For example, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) work has indicated right but not left frontal hypergyria (Narr, Bilder, Kim et al, 2004;Vogeley, Tepest, Pfeiffer et al, 2001). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies, which employ neuroimaging techniques to measure the blood supply to specific brain regions at given times, have also reported abnormal metabolism in right but not left frontal lobe in schizophrenia patients (Hook, Gordon, Lazzaro et al, 1995;Malaspina, Bruder, Furman, Gorman, Berman, & Van Heertum, 2000).…”

Section: A Two-deficit Cognitive Neuropsychological Account Of Persecmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive neuropsychological understanding of persecutory delusions

Langdon¹,

McKay²,

Coltheart³

2008

Persecutory Delusions

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The cognitive neuropsychological understanding of persecutory delusions The cognitive neuropsychological understanding of persecutory delusions AbstractIn considering the contribution of cognitive neuropsychology to the understanding of persecutory delusions, we shall proceed in this chapter as follows: First, we shall consider the contribution of the more conventional clinical neuropsychological approach to the study of delusions. After all, cognitive neuropsychology developed as a hybrid of clinical neuropsychology (the psychological study of brain-injured people) and cognitive psychology (the study of the mental information-processing procedures that people use to perform such activities as speaking and understanding speech, and recognizing objects). Second, we shall outline the cognitive neuropsychological approach with brief reference to its history. Third, we shall describe how this approach has been applied to the study of delusions with reference to our two-deficit cognitive neuropsychological model of monothematic delusions. Finally we shall evaluate the applicability of this model to the explanation of other delusions that are not so obviously neuropsychological; here we shall focus on persecutory delusions.

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Abnormal gyral complexity in first-episode schizophrenia

Cited by 130 publications

References 67 publications

Abnormal cortical folding patterns within Broca's area in schizophrenia: Evidence from structural MRI

Abnormal cortical folding patterns within Broca's area in schizophrenia: Evidence from structural MRI

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

The cognitive neuropsychological understanding of persecutory delusions

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