Abnormal food timing and predisposition to weight gain: Role of barrier dysfunction and microbiota

Bishehsari, Faraz; Engen, Phillip A.; Adnan, Darbaz; Sarrafi, Shahram; Wilber, Sherry; Shaikh, Maliha; Green, Stefan J.; Naqib, Ankur; Giron, Leila B.; Abdel‐Mohsen, Mohamed; Keshavarzian, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.11.007

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The discoveries of this study supplement growing evidence of the impact of time and pattern of eating on disease pathogenesis (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). How is food timing linked to clinical outcomes including GI carcinogenesis?…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Dysbiosis is characterized by disruption of the normal gut flora including increased relative abundance of pro-inflammatory tumorassociated bacteria, such as those from the Turcibacteraceae family, and a decreased abundance of protective bacteria such as those that contribute to the gut barrier function via production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate. Butyrate is an SCFA with known anti-tumor properties, and reduced butyrate production has been associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and alterations in metabolism (5,9). The link between dysbiosis and circadian dyssynchrony in the setting of eating pattern is particularly noteworthy, as it opens up opportunities for intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Could “Eating Behavior” be a novel lifestyle factor that modulates risk of gastrointestinal cancers?

Trinh¹,

Bishehsari²

2021

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lifestyle factors are important risk modulators of chronic diseases such as gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The role of diet, specifically, has been studied for decades, and our knowledge on its impact continues to grow. For instance, it is well established that consumption of diets high in red and preserved meat and low in fruits and vegetables increases the risk of developing a variety of digestive system cancers. However, while different types of diets have been widely investigated in epidemiological studies regarding the risk of GI cancers, the effects of timing and patterns of eating have not yet been thoroughly explored.Zhang et al. recently published a study (1) in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition exploring the potential association between unrestrained eating behavior and the development of digestive system cancers. They analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study, a large prospective cohort study with bi-and quadrennial questionnaire responses from US female nurses regarding medical history, diet, physical activity, and more. "Unrestrained eating behavior" was defined if subjects stated that they either ate anything at any time or did not pay a great deal of attention to changes in their figure. Outcomes included a variety of digestive system cancers. Patients were followed until report of any cancer diagnosis, follow-up completion or loss, or death.The authors found that those who endorsed unrestrained eating behavior had a significantly increased risk of overall digestive system cancer. Upon further analysis by individual types of GI tract cancers, unrestrained eating led to an

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Could “Eating Behavior” be a novel lifestyle factor that modulates risk of gastrointestinal cancers?

Trinh¹,

Bishehsari²

2021

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The intestinal barrier is tightly regulated by the intestinal microbiota and metabolites. The dysfunction of the intestinal barrier caused by wrong time eating is related to intestinal dysbiosis, and a decrease in the level of colonic metabolite butyrate, a known intestinal barrier stabilizer (26,27). The study of Li et al (25) found that fasting for 16 h per day for 30 days led to significantly increased abundance of Akkermansia, which was associated with metabolic improvements including decreased liver triglyceride accumulation and alleviated intestinal inflammation (28), and significantly decreased the abundance of Alistipes, which might improve intestinal inflammation (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Frequency Modulates the Intestinal Transcriptome Without Affecting the Gut Microbiota in Pigs With the Same Daily Feed Intake

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to elucidate the impacts of irregular eating patterns on gut microbiota and transcriptomic responses in a pig model with different feeding regimens. The experiment involved 24 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 48 days of age) which were randomly allocated to one of three feeding patterns: one-meal (M1), three-meals (M3), or five-meals (M5) per day with the same daily feed intake. The results showed that different feeding frequencies had no significant effects on the microbial composition of ileal digesta, colonic digesta, colon mucosa, as well as the concentration of SCFAs in colonic digesta. Mucosa transcriptomic profiling data showed the pathways related to vitamin metabolism were enriched in the ileum and colon of pigs in the pairwise comparison between M3 and M1 groups. On the other hand, the pathways related to lipid metabolism were enriched in the ileum and colon of pigs in the pairwise comparison between M5 and M1 groups. Lastly, the pathways related to protein metabolism were enriched in the colon in the pairwise comparison between M3 and M1 groups, M5 and M1 groups, M5 and M3 groups, while the ileum was not enriched. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) related to metabolism showed that carbohydrate transport was suppressed in the ileum and enhanced in the colon in M5 and M3 groups compared with the M1 group. Compared with the M3 group, carbohydrate transport in the ileum was enhanced in the M5 group, while in the colon was inhibited. With the increase of feeding frequency, the catabolism, biosynthesis, and transport of lipid in the ileum were suppressed, while those in the colon were enhanced. Compared with the M1 group, amino acid transport in the ileum and colon in the M3 group was enhanced. Amino acid catabolism in the ileum in the M5 group was enhanced compared with M1 and M3 groups. In summary, different feeding frequencies affected the transport of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid in the ileum and colon, and affected the catabolism and biosynthesis of lipid in the ileum and colon with a low impact on intestinal microbiota.

show abstract

“…Currently, there is emerging evidence that some gut (stool) microbiota display intrinsic circadian "clocks" and circadian rhythms, and that the gut microbiota can be affected by the host circadian signals, such as melatonin 53 and by changes in the host circadian rhythms due to, e.g., food composition and timing. 25,54 Of note, circadian oscillations have been shown to be completely abolished by incubating saliva in vitro, thus suggesting that host physiological changes mostly contributed to the microbiata oscillation. 24 We observed that the effects of circadian rhythms in i.e., Metacycle ARSER, and circadian misalignment effects (i.e., alpha-and betadiversity) on the structure of oral microbial communities varied across individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it is still unclear whether the oral (saliva) microbiota have intrinsic “clocks” or circadian rhythms, they very likely do, given that the oral and gut microbiota share some congruent taxa composition. Currently, there is emerging evidence that some gut (stool) microbiota display intrinsic circadian “clocks” and circadian rhythms, and that the gut microbiota can be affected by the host circadian signals, such as melatonin 53 and by changes in the host circadian rhythms due to, e.g., food composition and timing 25,54 . Of note, circadian oscillations have been shown to be completely abolished by incubating saliva in vitro, thus suggesting that host physiological changes mostly contributed to the microbiata oscillation 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof‐of‐principle demonstration of endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment effects on human oral microbiota

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Circadian misalignment—the misalignment between the central circadian “clock” and behavioral and environmental cycles (including sleep/wake, fasting/eating, dark/light)—results in adverse cardiovascular and metabolic effects. Potential underlying mechanisms for these adverse effects include alterations in the orogastrointestinal microbiota. However, it remains unknown whether human oral microbiota has endogenous circadian rhythms (i.e., independent of sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and dark/light cycles) and whether circadian misalignment influences oral microbiota community composition. Healthy young individuals [27.3 ± 2.3 years (18–35 years), 4 men and 2 women, body‐mass index range: 18–28 kg/m2] were enrolled in a stringently controlled 14‐day circadian laboratory protocol. This included a 32‐h constant routine (CR) protocol (endogenous circadian baseline assessment), a forced desynchrony protocol with four 28‐h “days” under ~3 lx to induce circadian misalignment, and a post‐misalignment 40‐h CR protocol. Microbiota assessments were performed on saliva samples collected every 4 h throughout both CR protocols. Total DNA was extracted and processed using high‐throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. The relative abundance of specific oral microbiota populations, i.e., one of the five dominant phyla, and three of the fourteen dominant genera, exhibited significant endogenous circadian rhythms. Importantly, circadian misalignment dramatically altered the oral microbiota landscape, such that four of the five dominant phyla and eight of the fourteen dominant genera exhibited significant circadian misalignment effects. Moreover, circadian misalignment significantly affected the metagenome functional content of oral microbiota (inferred gene content analysis), as indicated by changes in specific functional pathways associated with metabolic control and immunity. Collectively, our proof‐of‐concept study provides evidence for endogenous circadian rhythms in human oral microbiota and show that even relatively short‐term experimental circadian misalignment can dramatically affect microbiota community composition and functional pathways involved in metabolism and immune function. These proof‐of‐principle findings have translational relevance to individuals typically exposed to circadian misalignment, including night shift workers and frequent flyers.

show abstract

Abnormal food timing and predisposition to weight gain: Role of barrier dysfunction and microbiota

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Could “Eating Behavior” be a novel lifestyle factor that modulates risk of gastrointestinal cancers?

Could “Eating Behavior” be a novel lifestyle factor that modulates risk of gastrointestinal cancers?

Feeding Frequency Modulates the Intestinal Transcriptome Without Affecting the Gut Microbiota in Pigs With the Same Daily Feed Intake

Proof‐of‐principle demonstration of endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment effects on human oral microbiota

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About