Abnormal eye movements in Parkinson's disease: From experimental study to clinical application

Long, Han; Zhang, Xue; Yang, Yang; Xie, Anmu

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105791

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Although prior studies detailed hypometric saccades, reduced saccade velocity, and prolonged saccade latency among PD patients (Zhou et al, 2022;Li et al, 2023), our findings further confirm the pathophysiological similarity of limb bradykinesia to distinctive manifestations clinically noted in ocular muscles. However, ocular muscle rigidity or the influence of other yetunidentified pathophysiological mechanisms cannot be excluded from influencing ocular movement in the setting of PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Reduced maximal range of ocular movements and its response to acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease

Li,

Chu

et al. 2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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IntroductionAlthough restriction of vertical ocular range of motion is known to be the hallmark of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the maximal amplitude of ocular movement has not been quantitatively assessed despite of accumulating evidences of oculomotor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we evaluated the maximal oculomotor range and its response to levodopa in PD, and compare findings to atypical parkinsonism.MethodsWe recruited 159 healthy controls (HC) as well as 154 PD, 30 PSP, and 16 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. Oculomotor range was assessed using a kinetic perimeter-adapted device for the vertical and horizontal axes (four positions). Parameters were reassessed after levodopa challenge and compared among PD, PSP, and MSA patients.ResultsMaximum oculomotor range in PD patients was reduced as compared to HC. Levodopa improved oculomotor range in all directions; corrective effects of upward range positively correlated with improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III and bradykinesia sub-scores among PD patients. Although oculomotor range was markedly restricted among PSP and MSA patients, the beneficial effects of levodopa was less pronounced. Reduced oculomotor range of motion was more significant among PSP as compared to PD or MSA patients; MSA patients did not significantly differ from PD patients. The range of upward gaze was optimally sensitive for differentiating among PD, PSP, and MSA patients.ConclusionMaximum oculomotor range was reduced among PD patients significantly improved by levodopa treatment. Variations in, as well as the positively effects of levodopa on, the range of upward gaze assist diagnostic differentiation among PD, PSP, and MSA patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Reduced maximal range of ocular movements and its response to acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease

Li,

Chu

et al. 2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Slowing of saccadic eye movements is commonly seen in cerebellar disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 [ 55 ]. The measurement of saccadic eye movements has also been shown as an effective biomarker for the diagnosis, progression, and degree of cognitive impairment seen in Parkinson’s disease [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cervical Spinal Manipulation on Saccadic Eye Movements

Klotzek,

Jemni,

Groves

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Quantifying saccadic eye movements can assist in identifying dysfunctional brain networks in both healthy and diseased people. Infrared Oculography is a simple and non-invasive approach to capturing and quantifying saccades, providing information that might aid in diagnosis and outcome assessments. The effect of spinal manipulation on quantified saccadic performance parameters has not been fully studied despite known post-manipulative effects on the brain and brainstem regions controlling them. This case study investigates spinal manipulation’s immediate and long-term effects on saccadic eye movements by quantifying the saccades of a male patient diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. The patient performed horizontal saccades that were quantified before and immediately following cervical spinal manipulation both at the case study’s start and following a 2-week interim, during which the subject received six manipulative treatments. Immediate and long-term post-manipulative effects were observed, and the results revealed various post-manipulative effects across all quantified parameters in addition to between right and leftward saccades. The immediate post-manipulative effect was greatest at the case study’s onset, while the long-term right and leftward saccadic symmetry were most affected. The observations in this case study demonstrate that cervical spinal manipulation influences saccadic eye movements, providing new insights into its central neurological effects and therapeutic applications beyond its most commonly known use in pain management. More importantly, it encourages scientists to undertake further clinical investigations on wider scales.

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“…The clinical manifestations are dominated by symptoms of motor deficits such as tremor and postural and gait abnormalities, and cognitive impairments in this group of patients can appear in early stage of the disease (within 5 years) ( Kalia and Lang, 2015 ). Patients with early PD exhibit prolonged anti-saccades latency and decreased accuracy ( Li et al, 2023 ). Increased anti-saccades latency in patients with PD is associated with postural gait abnormalities and may be a marker for the development of a frozen gait within 5 years ( Gallea et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Different Eye Movement Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and progress of advanced eye movement examinations in cognitive impairment

Leng,

Deng,

2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The worldwide incidence of cognitive impairment is escalating, yet no effective solutions for these afflictions have been discovered. Consequently, the importance of early identification and immediate intervention is heightened. Advanced eye movements—a form of voluntary eye movements that includes anti-saccades, memory-guided saccades, predictive saccades, pro-saccades and gap/overlap saccades, mediated by the cerebral cortex and subcortical pathways reflect cognitive levels and functions across different domains. In view of their objectivity, reproducibility, and non-invasive characteristics, advanced eye movement examination possesses significant prospective utility across a wide range of cognitive impairment. This paper extensively reviews various models associated with advanced eye movement examinations and their current applications in cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia. Advanced eye movement examination can serve as a biomarker for early screening diagnosis and research on cognitive impairment. In the future, combining advanced eye movement examination with neuropsychological scale assessment and other diagnostic methods may contribute to further early identification of these types of diseases.

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Abnormal eye movements in Parkinson's disease: From experimental study to clinical application

Cited by 7 publications

References 107 publications

Reduced maximal range of ocular movements and its response to acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease

Reduced maximal range of ocular movements and its response to acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease

Effects of Cervical Spinal Manipulation on Saccadic Eye Movements

Application and progress of advanced eye movement examinations in cognitive impairment

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