Abnormal epidermal barrier in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

Epidermal Differentiation in Barrier Maintenance and Wound Healing

“…AD is a complex disorder clinically characterized by dry skin, defective epidermal barrier, susceptibility to cutaneous bacterial colonization and infection, and cutaneous inflammation driven by type 2 helper T cells. 33,34 AD is strongly associated with food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in later life. Recent studies established strong associations of AD with filaggrin (FLG) mutation.…”

Relationship Between Serum Interleukin-17F Level and Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Children

“…Recent studies on the skin barrier role in the development of AD corroborate an ''outside-inside'' hypothesis. 21 The barrier dysfunction in AD involves two main components: decreased generation of filaggrin and tight junction defects. 21 Gutowska-Owsiak et al reported a significant decrease in profilaggrin mRNA levels of keratinocytes after cultures were exposed to IL-17A.…”

“…21 The barrier dysfunction in AD involves two main components: decreased generation of filaggrin and tight junction defects. 21 Gutowska-Owsiak et al reported a significant decrease in profilaggrin mRNA levels of keratinocytes after cultures were exposed to IL-17A. In addition to Th1/Th2 bias that influences expression of filaggrin, increased IL-17A may reduce the expression of filaggrin in keratinocytes.…”

Immunological Reactions in Atopic Dermatitis and Possible Improvement of Probiotics

“…Mechanical trauma can induce the release of TNFα and other pro-inflammatory cytokines from epidermal keratinocytes. However chronic AD is frequently associated with colonization by super antigens producing Staphylococus aureus [3,6,7].…”