Abnormal Domain Growth during Polarization Reversal in Lithium Niobate Crystal Modified by Proton Exchange

Abstract

The results of an experimental study of the abnormal domain structure kinetics in lithium niobate single crystals with a surface layer modified by soft proton exchange are presented. Domain switching in a wide field range allowed two qualitatively different types of domain structure evolution to be revealed: (1) the traditional growth of hexagonal domains in fields higher than 21.5 kV/mm and (2) the abnormal growth of stripe domains oriented along the Y crystallographic directions in the field range from 3.8 to 21.5 kV/mm. The stripe domains had a width up to 4 µm and depth up to 30 µm. It was shown that the time dependence of the total length of stripe domains could be analyzed in terms of the modified Kolmogorov–Avrami approach, taking into account the transition from the one-dimensional β-model to the one-dimensional α-model. The possibility of the controllable creation of a quasi-periodic structure of stripe domains with an average period of 5 µm by a two-stage polarization switching process was demonstrated. The formation and growth of stripe domains were considered in terms of the kinetic approach to the evolution of the domain structure as a result of the domain walls’ motion under inefficient screening conditions caused by the presence of a modified surface layer. The abnormally low threshold fields were attributed to a presence of a “built-in” field facilitating switching, created by a composition gradient induced by soft proton exchange.

Structure and Luminescent Properties of Double‐Doped LiNbO3:Zn:Mg Crystals

“…[4] At the same time, hydroxyl groups play an important role in the creation of holographic and photonic devices, planar waveguides based on LN. [5,6] Close packing of oxygen atoms serves as the basis of the structure of the LN ferroelectric phase (R3c). This allows to introduce dopants with different charge states (Mg 2þ , Zn 2þ , Er 3þ , etc.…”

Kinetics of the Domain Structure in Uniform Electric Field in LiNbO3 with Surface Layer Modified by Soft Proton Exchange

“…It was shown by us earlier that the surface layer modified by the PE process in LN single crystals acts as an artificial dielectric layer, which strongly influences the domain kinetics. [18] It was assumed that the composition gradient formed in the nearsurface layer will induce the formation of an internal bias field. [18] In this manuscript, we present a detailed study of the main characteristics of domain kinetics in the samples with the wide range The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.202300420.…”

“…[18] It was assumed that the composition gradient formed in the nearsurface layer will induce the formation of an internal bias field. [18] In this manuscript, we present a detailed study of the main characteristics of domain kinetics in the samples with the wide range The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.202300420. DOI: 10.1002/pssr.202300420…”

“…[ 18 ] It was assumed that the composition gradient formed in the near‐surface layer will induce the formation of an internal bias field. [ 18 ] In this manuscript, we present a detailed study of the main characteristics of domain kinetics in the samples with the wide range of SPE durations which allowed to confirm the previous assumption. Moreover, we provide new insights into 3D structure of growing stripe domain, showing that it has a comb‐like shape which offers a great significance for development of periodical poling procedure.…”