Abnormal Cervical Smears in the Military Recruit Population

Ollayos, Curtis W.; Swogger, Keith A.

doi:10.1093/milmed/160.11.577

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, a study conducted in 1993 also reported a 3% prevalence rate of low-grade or high grade SIL among female military recruits. 45 An older study conducted among 332 female cadets with an average age of 22 years demonstrated that 5% had cervical cytology results consistent with low-grade or high grade SIL. 46 Based on the evidence presented, the prevalence of low-grade or high-grade SIL among military women is between 2.5% and 5%.…”

Section: Cervical Dysplasia and Human Papillomavirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among U.S. Active Duty Servicewomen and Veterans

Goyal

Mattocks

Sadler

2012

Journal of Women's Health

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The number of women who are active duty service members or veterans of the U.S. military is increasing. Studies among young, unmarried, active duty servicewomen who are sexually active indicate a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, multiple sexual partners, and binge drinking, that lead to unintended and unsafe sex. These high-risk sexual practices likely contribute to chlamydia infection rates that are higher than the rates in the U.S. general population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical dysplasia may also be higher among young, active duty servicewomen. Little is known about the sexual practices and rates of sexually transmitted infections among older servicewomen and women veterans; however, women veterans with a history of sexual assault may be at high risk for HPV infection and cervical dysplasia. To address the reproductive health needs of military women, investigations into the prevalence of unsafe sexual behaviors and consequent infection among older servicewomen and women veterans are needed. Direct comparison of military and civilian women is needed to determine if servicewomen are a truly high-risk group. Additionally, subgroups of military women at greatest risk for these adverse reproductive health outcomes need to be identified.

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Section: Cervical Dysplasia and Human Papillomavirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among U.S. Active Duty Servicewomen and Veterans

Goyal

Mattocks

Sadler

2012

Journal of Women's Health

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“…However, the prevalence of HGSIL in the United States can be estimated using two large cohorts. In one cohort, which contained 8026 patients in a military setting who underwent screening as part of their annual physical exam, 0.3% of the Pap smears showed HGSIL [8]. In the other cohort, the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Detection Program, in which women are screened annually at health department sites, HGSIL were evident in 1.1% of 100,500 Pap smears [9].…”

Section: Incidence Of Cervical Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Follen

Vlastos

Meyskens

et al. 2002

Cancer Causes and Control

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Cervical cancer is an important cause of mortality in women worldwide, and the cervix is a well-established clinical, cytologic, and histopathologic model of carcinogenesis. The cervix is easily accessible for examination and biopsy, and colposcopy improves visualization. Identifying chemopreventives in cervical cancer requires rigorous study design: dose de-escalating phase I, IIa trials; placebo-controlled phase IIb trials; and multicenter phase III trials. Reduction in disease incidence and surrogate endpoint biomarkers (SEB) may be trial endpoints. The goal of chemoprevention studies is to prevent or delay the development of cancer. Each agent requires a phase I or IIa trial for each organ site. Phase I, IIa studies of micronutrients, retinoids, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, and indole-3-carbinol have demonstrated response rates of up to 70%, but results of placebo-controlled phase IIb studies have been disappointing and their findings confounded by the high regression rates in placebo-treated patients. Enhancement of research methods, including sufficient enrollment guided by power calculations, uniform biopsy at study entry and exit, and strict progression through trial design phases would ensure valid and reliable results. Because human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major etiologic agent, pretrial laboratory and animal studies should have demonstrated the efficacy of the chemopreventive agent to decrease HPV viral protein expression or HPV tumor induction. SEB modulation must be characterized in any trial's earliest phases before use in phases IIb and III. Lessons learned in chemoprevention will serve as a basis for immunoprevention and vaccine trials.

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“…A study on recruits showed a rising rate of disease with 8% affected in 1993, 25% in 1995 and 28.8% in 1996. 120,121 A history of sexually transmitted disease is common for both sexes in the Navy. The rate for pelvic inflammatory disease from self reported data in 1988 was 10.1/1000 women years for white women and 16.5/1000 women years for non-white women.…”

Section: General Gynecological Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Medical Implications of Women On Submarines

Kane¹,

Horn²

2001

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Public reporting burder for this collection of information is estibated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burder to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 26-11-2001 2. REPORT TYPE Technical 3. DATES COVERED (FROM -TO) 01-01-2001 to 26-11-2001 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Medical Implications of Women On Submarines Unclassified 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Kane, John L. ; Horn, Wayne G. ; 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Submarine Research Laboratory Naval Submarine Base New London Box 900 Groton, CT06349-5900 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory Naval Submarine Base New Groton, CT06349-5900 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT APUBLIC RELEASE , 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The review highlights traditionally important medical conditions for submariners along with the unique consequence of women?s healthcare on the submarine. The information covered includes a review of the history of women in the military followed by a discussion of how women have been integrated into submarines in foreign navies and in space travel. The bulk of the document, then, consists of a literature review that examines gender differences in health care usage as well as in health problems that have traditionally been problematic for submarines including cardiac disease, anemia, asthma, headaches, peptic ulcer disease, orthopedic problems, and psychiatric disease. Gynecological and pregnancy related issues constitute the final area of review. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'...

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Abnormal Cervical Smears in the Military Recruit Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

High-Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among U.S. Active Duty Servicewomen and Veterans

High-Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among U.S. Active Duty Servicewomen and Veterans

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The Medical Implications of Women On Submarines

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