Abnormal bone composition in female juvenile American alligators from a pesticide-polluted lake (Lake Apopka, Florida).

Lind, P. Monica; Milnes, Matthew R.; Lundberg, Rebecca; Bermudez, Dieldrich S.; Örberg, Jan; Guillette, Louis J.

doi:10.1289/ehp.6524

Cited by 84 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In recent years, several studies evaluated the impact of CYP and END formulations on the ISs of non-target organisms; these studies demonstrated that concentrations of these agents commonly applied in agriculture generated adverse effects in different wild species (Pushpanjali et al 2005;Velisek et al 2006;Beldomenico et al 2007;Bachetta et al 2011). Many studies have been made in order to assess exposure to pesticides in different crocodilian species at different life stages, including viable and non-viable eggs (Crain et al 1999;Milnes et al 2004), juveniles Lind et al 2004) and adults (Crain et al 1998). However, there have been few studies that evaluated the effects of pesticides on their ISs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Latorre

Romito

Larriera

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Agricultural activities associated mainly with soybean crops affect the natural environment and wildlife by habitat destruction and the extensive use of agrochemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunotoxic effects of the insecticides cypermethrin (CYP) and endosulfan (END) in Caiman latirostris analyzing total blood cell count (TWBC) and differential white blood cell count (DWBC) after in ovo and in vivo exposure. Eggs (in ovo) and hatchlings (in vivo) from nests harvested in natural habitats were artificially incubated and reared under controlled conditions in the Proyecto Yacare (Gob.Santa Fe/MUPCN) facilities. Exposure of embryos was performed by topication on the eggshell during the first stage of development. The treatments were distilled water (negative control; NC), ethanol (vehicle control; VC), four groups treated with different concentrations of CYP and four groups with END. In vivo exposure was performed by immersion; treatments were NC, VC, two groups exposed to CYP and two to END. After embryonic exposure to the insecticides, no differences were found in TWBC or DWBC among the neonates exposed to pesticides versus controls. In the in vivo scenario, similar results were obtained for TWBC, but DWBC data showed differences between NC hatchlings and CYP-1 hosts for heterophil, lymphocyte and monocyte levels, and between NC and END-1 hosts for lymphocyte and monocyte levels. Research on the effects of pesticide exposure on this species is of special interest not only to assess the impact on caiman populations, but also to further characterize the species as a potential sentinel of ecosystem health. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Latorre

Romito

Larriera

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…The reasons for this observation remain to be clarified. Altered bone mineral density was reported in studies of additional species of free-ranging wildlife, including the skulls and bacula of East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (Sonne et al, 2004(Sonne et al, , 2006, the jaws and radius of Baltic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) (Lind et al, 2003), and the tibias and femurs of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) (Lind et al, 2004). Cortical bone mineral content of femurs of gulls from Great Lakes colonies was significantly lower than that of gulls from the marine reference colony.…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The pQCT method has been used, with modifications, in previous studies (Lind et al, 2000(Lind et al, , 2004Lundberg et al, 2006). Before analysis, the bones were placed in plastic test tubes filled with Ringer solution (1 L contains 0.3 g Tris; 0.24 g CaCl 2 (H 2 O); 0.4 g KCl; and 2.05 ml 1 M HCl; pH 7.4).…”

Section: Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (Pqct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of free-ranging wildlife including East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (Sonne et al, 2004), Baltic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) (Lind et al, 2003), mink (Mustela vison) (Beckett et al, 2005), American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) (Lind et al, 2004), clapper rails (Rallus longirostris) (Rodriguez-Navarro et al, 2006), and great blue (Ardea herodius) (Hart et al, 1991) and gray heron (A. cinerea) (Thompson et al, 2006) chicks exposed to ambient mixtures of pollutants have revealed negative effects on bone tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Health of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) in Relation to Breeding Location in the Early 1990s. III. Effects on the Bone Tissue

Fox¹,

Lundberg²,

Wejheden³

et al. 2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Health effects associated with the Great Lakes environment were assessed in adult herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in the early 1990s, including the size and quality of their bones. Femurs were excised from 140 individuals from 10 colonies distributed throughout the Great Lakes and 2 reference colonies in Lake Winnipeg (freshwater) and the Bay of Fundy (marine). Femurs of gulls from the Great Lakes differed from the freshwater or marine reference for 9 of 12 variables of size, composition, and strength assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and biomechanical testing. Femurs of Great Lakes gulls were significantly smaller in length (−2.9%), periosteal circumference (−2.4%), and crosssectional area (−5.4%) than freshwater reference birds. Femurs of the Great Lakes gulls had a lower significant cortical bone mineral content (−8.1%) and density (−2%) than the marine reference. A significant increase in the amount the bone could bend before it broke (+34%) and the energy required to break it (+44%) and a significant decrease (−16.3%) in stiffness during three-point biomechanical bending test were also detected in Great Lakes versus the freshwater gulls. These differences are indicative of impaired mineralization. When divided into high and low 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalent (TCDD-TEQ) colonies, the amount the bone could bend before it broke and the energy required to break it were significantly higher in the high TEQ colonies, but not high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) colonies. Breeding location and dietary choices of Great Lakes herring gulls in the early 1990s resulted in modulations of physiological processes that affected the size, mineralization, and biomechanical properties of bone.

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“…In terms of applied studies, monitoring of pest and invasive species (Fuchs et al., 2004; Halley et al., 2005; Harrison et al., 1993; Monaenkova et al., 2015; Soné, Mori, Ide, Setoguchi, & Yamanouchi, 1995; Tarver et al., 2006), interaction between hosts and parasites (Greco et al., 2010; Schwabe et al., 2014), forensic entomology (Johnson et al., 2012), and ecotoxicological research (Brinkmann et al., 2016; Holliday & Holliday, 2012; Lind et al., 2004; Pigneret et al., 2016; Yunusa, Braun, & Lawrie, 2009) have been also benefited greatly from this technique so far.…”

Section: Perspectives and Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray computed tomography and its potential in ecological research: A review of studies and optimization of specimen preparation

Gutiérrez

Ott

Töpperwien

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Imaging techniques are a cornerstone of contemporary biology. Over the last decades, advances in microscale imaging techniques have allowed fascinating new insights into cell and tissue morphology and internal anatomy of organisms across kingdoms. However, most studies so far provided snapshots of given reference taxa, describing organs and tissues under “idealized” conditions. Surprisingly, there is an almost complete lack of studies investigating how an organism′s internal morphology changes in response to environmental drivers. Consequently, ecology as a scientific discipline has so far almost neglected the possibilities arising from modern microscale imaging techniques. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments of X‐ray computed tomography as an affordable, simple method of high spatial resolution, allowing insights into three‐dimensional anatomy both in vivo and ex vivo. We review ecological studies using this technique to investigate the three‐dimensional internal structure of organisms. In addition, we provide practical comparisons between different preparation techniques for maximum contrast and tissue differentiation. In particular, we consider the novel modality of phase contrast by self‐interference of the X‐ray wave behind an object (i.e., phase contrast by free space propagation). Using the cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) as model organism, we found that the combination of FAE fixative and iodine staining provided the best results across different tissues. The drying technique also affected contrast and prevented artifacts in specific cases. Overall, we found that for the interests of ecological studies, X‐ray computed tomography is useful when the tissue or structure of interest has sufficient contrast that allows for an automatic or semiautomatic segmentation. In particular, we show that reconstruction schemes which exploit phase contrast can yield enhanced image quality. Combined with suitable specimen preparation and automated analysis, X‐ray CT can therefore become a promising quantitative 3D imaging technique to study organisms′ responses to environmental drivers, in both ecology and evolution.

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Abnormal bone composition in female juvenile American alligators from a pesticide-polluted lake (Lake Apopka, Florida).

Cited by 84 publications

References 36 publications

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Health of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) in Relation to Breeding Location in the Early 1990s. III. Effects on the Bone Tissue

X‐ray computed tomography and its potential in ecological research: A review of studies and optimization of specimen preparation

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