Ablative and catalytic behavior of carbon-based porous thermal protection materials in nitrogen plasmas

Vignoles, Gérard L.; Turchi, Alessandro; Bianchi, Daniele; Blaineau, Pierre; Lamboley, Xavier; Huy, Damien Le Quang; Levet, Cyril; Caty, Olivier; Chazot, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.087

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Conversely, high Thiele numbers ( → ∞) pertain to a diffusion-limited regime, in which all available oxygen reacts near the surface, leading to rapid material recession. At near-unit Thiele numbers, diffusion and reaction processes balance each other and a reaction zone of the order of the pore scale is produced (Lachaud et al 2010;Ferguson et al 2016Ferguson et al , 2017Vignoles et al 2018). The different carbon properties of the charred matrix and fiber lead to different reactivities.…”

Section: Ablation Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

Mansour,

Panerai,

Lachaud

et al. 2024

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Ablative thermal protection systems have experienced renewed interest in the past decade owing to the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet and the US presidential mandate to develop technologies that enable humans to explore space beyond low Earth orbit. Blunt body architecture for spacecraft and the use of ablators for thermal protection systems returned as the primary choice in mission planning. This review addresses current progress in modernizing predictive tools for ablative material response. Current theory development leverages progress made in the theory of flows in porous media. This development, combined with progress in experimental techniques and high-end computing, is enabling the development of 3D macroscale models with realistic closure coefficients derived from direct numerical simulations of 3D microscale geometries of actual materials. While flight data quantifying ablative material response remain sparse, the next decade will be one of exploration in which heatshield instrumented spacecraft will provide crucial flight data for refining and validating closure models.

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Section: Ablation Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

Mansour,

Panerai,

Lachaud

et al. 2024

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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“…Vignoles et al 199 studied the ablative and catalytic behavior of carbon based porous thermal material, wherein a 1D analytical model presented the impact of the main parameters (geometrical, reaction, and transport) on the observables. This model also highlighted the variation of the affected layer thickness with the ratio of reaction/diffusion rate.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Ablative Composites of Carbon Based Materials: A Review

Kumar

Kandasubramanian

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ablative composites are highly endothermic sacrificial thermal protection materials that are indispensable to the aerospace industry. Polymeric ablatives are the most versatile and the largest class of thermal protection materials due to their capability to be to varied hyperthermal environments. Carbon/carbon composites have outstanding mechanical properties at higher temperatures but they are susceptible to oxidation. The oxidation is addressed by matrix modification, application of a coat of ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTC), or also by the use of nanostructure-toughened UHTC coatings as discussed in this article. The article presents a comprehensive review of the science and technology of four distinct groups of ablative composites (carbon/carbon, carbon/phenolic, carbon/elastomeric and carbon/ceramic). The selection of the best material formulations for a given environment is ratified by the testing techniques, which have also been reviewed along with a brief discussion on the composites recycling technologies and their environmental and economic impacts.

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“…However, because they are composed of graphitic carbon, these materials are oxidized above 800 K. At higher temperatures, they undergo nitridation if atomic nitrogen is present [11] and finally start sublimating at ≈ 2700 K. Moreover, mechanical erosion can occur in high speed flow. These phenomena are collected under the generic term of ablation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

Levet

Lachaud

Ducamp

et al. 2021

Carbon

Self Cite

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3D carbon-fibre reinforced carbon composites (3D C f /C) are used as thermal protection systems for atmospheric re-entry, where they are exposed to strong ablation. Particularly, sublimation of the carbonaceous material plays an important role during the re entry. To study this, an arc image furnace under controlled Argon flow is used, with heat fluxes of 8 MW m −2 to 10 MW m −2 . The furnace and the sample thermal response have been numerically simulated prior to the experiments and match in-situ temperature measurements. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D profilometry with digital optical microscopy were used in order to characterise the epi-macro-structural and the epi-micro-structural roughness of the composite surface, evidencing a faster recession of the fibres as compared to the matrix. Carbon nanotextures have been assessed by using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Polarised Light Optical Microscopy, showing that the matrix is more organised than the fibre.

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Ablative and catalytic behavior of carbon-based porous thermal protection materials in nitrogen plasmas

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

Advances in Ablative Composites of Carbon Based Materials: A Review

High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

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