Ablation Pressure Driven by an Energetic Electron Beam in a Dense Plasma

Gus’kov, S. Yu.; Ribeyre, X.; Touati, M.; Feugeas, J.‐L.; Nicolaï, Ph.; Tikhonchuk, V. T.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.255004

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The study of fast electrons generated in these experiments is of interest, for instance, in shock [2] and fast [3] ignitions in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and in energetic secondary particle production [4]. The Kα emission generated by the EII process is analyzed by either imagers which provide spatial and temporal information of relativistic electrons [5] or spectrometers which provide bulk electron temperatures [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper fine-structure K-shell electron impact ionization cross sections for fast-electron diagnostic in laser-solid experiments

Palmeri

Quinet

Batani

2015

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

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a b s t r a c tThe K-shell electron impact ionization (EII) cross section, along with the K-shell fluorescence yield, is one of the key atomic parameters for fast-electron diagnostic in laser-solid experiments through the K-shell emission cross section. In addition, copper is a material that has been often used in those experiments because it has a maximum total K-shell emission yield. Furthermore, in a campaign dedicated to the modeling of the K lines of astrophysical interest (Palmeri et al., 2012), the K-shell fluorescence yields for the K-vacancy fine-structure atomic levels of all the copper isonuclear ions have been calculated.In this study, the K-shell EII cross sections connecting the ground and the metastable levels of the parent copper ions to the daughter ions K-vacancy levels considered in Palmeri et al. (2012) have been determined. The relativistic distorted-wave (DW) approximation implemented in the FAC atomic code has been used for the incident electron kinetic energies up to 10 times the K-shell threshold energies. Moreover, the resulting DW cross sections have been extrapolated at higher energies using the asymptotic form proposed by Davies et al. (2013).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper fine-structure K-shell electron impact ionization cross sections for fast-electron diagnostic in laser-solid experiments

Palmeri

Quinet

Batani

2015

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…809,810,812,[840][841][842][843] Some authors have gone further to propose using hot electrons as the primary shock-launching mechanism. 844,845 D. Experiments SI-relevant experiments have been performed at various facilities, examining target stability and yield, strong-shock generation, and laser-plasma interactions at spike-pulse laser intensities. These experiments have shown enhanced fusion reactions from the addition of an SI laser spike in subscale SI implosions along with laser light scattering and hotelectron temperatures within design constraints.…”

Section: Laser-plasma Instability Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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“…The rapid explosive wave moves away the material while the inner layers keep melt state with mixture of plasma and liquid. 17,18 Finally a non-equilibrium pressure starts to expand from the plasma to substrate of metal, [19][20][21] which induces a shock wave diffusion into stable substrate layer and reflection towards ambient atmosphere. This period lasts several tens of picosecond to cooling and solidification until ablated eventually.…”

Section: /Cmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced filament ablation of metals based on plasma grating in air

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate efficient ablation of metals with filamentary plasma grating generated by two intense blue femtosecond filaments and a third focused infrared pulse. This scheme leads to significant promotion of ablation efficiency on metal targets in air in comparison with single infrared or blue filament with equal pulse energy. The reason is that the blue plasma grating firstly provides stronger intensity and a higher density of background electrons, then the delayed infrared pulse accelerates local electrons inside the plasma grating. These two processes finally results in robustly increased electron density and highly ionized metallic atoms.

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Ablation Pressure Driven by an Energetic Electron Beam in a Dense Plasma

Cited by 76 publications

References 18 publications

Copper fine-structure K-shell electron impact ionization cross sections for fast-electron diagnostic in laser-solid experiments

Copper fine-structure K-shell electron impact ionization cross sections for fast-electron diagnostic in laser-solid experiments

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Enhanced filament ablation of metals based on plasma grating in air

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