“…They are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), while further reactions lead to the formation of ceramides [ 116 ]. Ceramides are considered anti-cancer factors promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [ 117 , 118 ] and are typically reduced in human HCC [ 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 ]. Furthermore, ceramides may be converted into more complex sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin (SM), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and glucosylceramides (GlcCer) [ 93 ] which are considered pro-tumoral factors and whose production is enhanced during HCC pathogenesis [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 ].…”