Ablation Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention in Arrhythmia-Related Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Electroporation

McBride, Shauna; Avazzadeh, Sahar; Wheatley, Antony M.; O’Brien, Barry; Coffey, Ken; Elahi, Muhammad Adnan; O’Halloran, Martin; Quinlan, Leo R.

doi:10.3390/jcm10122657

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Ablation of the IRE often has three regions due to the electric field distribution: the irreversible electroporation region, the reversible electroporation region, and the intact region. This results in incomplete resection of large tumors that are over 3 cm in diameter [7]. To overcome these disadvantages, a quite high voltage should be introduced, which cannot avoid electrolysis at the electrodes and sometimes causes muscle contraction [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning with Near-Infrared Irradiation to Enhance the Irreversible Electroporation Efficiency in HeLa Cells

2021

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Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has gained attention for ablation owing to fewer side effects and fast recovery. However, a high current from the applied high voltage can cause muscle contraction. Adding cationic molecules has been introduced to lower electric field strengths and enhance IRE outcomes by inducing hyperpolarization across the cell plasma membrane. Near-infrared light (NIR) has recently been reported to induce hyperpolarization across membranes in a mode-dependent manner. In this study, we performed IRE in HeLa cells after exposure to 810 nm NIR irradiation. Preconditioning with NIR of 3 J/cm2 induced changes in membrane potential, resulting in approximately two times enhancement of apoptosis by IRE. The apoptotic signals were governed by the presence of BAX and p53 and were not related to excess oxidative stress. NIR has better spatial and temporal distribution control than chemicals and, therefore, can enhance the spatial selectivity and reduce the side effects of IRE treatment. These results can be used to enhance the clinical outcomes of IRE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning with Near-Infrared Irradiation to Enhance the Irreversible Electroporation Efficiency in HeLa Cells

2021

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“…They were selected because we already studied the effect of orientation on electroporation on this cell line [32], and are of elongated shape. Moreover, this study is important for optimizing treatments of heart arrhythmias by ablation with electroporation [3]. For nanosecond pulse exposures, H9c2 cells were seeded in culture medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium DMEM D6546 (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 4 mM L-glutamine (Sigma), 10% FBS (Sigma) and antibiotics penicillin 1 U/mL (PAA, Toronto, Canada), streptomycin 1 µg/mL (PAA) and gentamycin 50 µg/mL (Sigma) in a humidified chamber at 37 • C and 10% CO 2 atmosphere on a 12 mm diameter coverglass in 24-well plates one or two days before the experiment at 5 × 10 4 and 3 × 10 4 cells per well, respectively.…”

Section: Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased plasma membrane permeability allows transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules into cells [1]. With moderate electric fields, cells recover after electroporation and remain viable (reversible EP), however, with stronger electric fields or longer pulse duration, cells do not recover from the damage and they die (irreversible EP) [2,3]. Reversible and irreversible EP is nowadays used in numerous applications in medicine [4], food technology [5], and biotechnology [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse Duration Dependent Asymmetry in Molecular Transmembrane Transport Due to Electroporation in H9c2 Rat Cardiac Myoblast Cells In Vitro

Napotnik

Miklavčič

2021

Molecules

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Electroporation (EP) is one of the successful physical methods for intracellular drug delivery, which temporarily permeabilizes plasma membrane by exposing cells to electric pulses. Orientation of cells in electric field is important for electroporation and, consequently, for transport of molecules through permeabilized plasma membrane. Uptake of molecules after electroporation are the greatest at poles of cells facing electrodes and is often asymmetrical. However, asymmetry reported was inconsistent and inconclusive—in different reports it was either preferentially anodal or cathodal. We investigated the asymmetry of polar uptake of calcium ions after electroporation with electric pulses of different durations, as the orientation of elongated cells affects electroporation to a different extent when using electric pulses of different durations in the range of 100 ns to 100 µs. The results show that with 1, 10, and 100 µs pulses, the uptake of calcium ions is greater at the pole closer to the cathode than at the pole closer to the anode. With shorter 100 ns pulses, the asymmetry is not observed. A different extent of electroporation at different parts of elongated cells, such as muscle or cardiac cells, may have an impact on electroporation-based treatments such as drug delivery, pulse-field ablation, and gene electrotransfection.

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“…This approach initially started with using energy sources such as direct current, and radiofrequency. While radiofrequency and cryothermal ablation are largely efficacious and continue to be a mainstay of the current therapeutic arsenal, there is a need for an alternative ablation strategy improving cell targeting and ablation safety [5]. More recently, irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been proven to be a minimally thermal, safe, and effective technique for ablating a range of tissues [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Irreversible Electroporation Electric Field Potential Threshold in A Suspension In Vitro Model for Cardiac and Neuronal Cells

Avazzadeh

O’Brien²,

Coffey³

et al. 2021

JCM

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Aims: Irreversible electroporation is an ablation technique being adapted for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Currently, there are many differences reported in the in vitro and pre-clinical literature for the effective voltage threshold for ablation. The aim of this study is a direct comparison of different cell types within the cardiovascular system and identification of optimal voltage thresholds for selective cell ablation. Methods: Monophasic voltage pulses were delivered in a cuvette suspension model. Cell viability and live–dead measurements of three different neuronal lines, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts were assessed under different voltage conditions. The immediate effects of voltage and the evolution of cell death was measured at three different time points post ablation. Results: All neuronal and atrial cardiomyocyte lines showed cell viability of less than 20% at an electric field of 1000 V/cm when at least 30 pulses were applied with no significant difference amongst them. In contrast, cardiac fibroblasts showed an optimal threshold at 1250 V/cm with a minimum of 50 pulses. Cell death overtime showed an immediate or delayed cell death with a proportion of cell membranes re-sealing after three hours but no significant difference was observed between treatments after 24 h. Conclusions: The present data suggest that understanding the optimal threshold of irreversible electroporation is vital for achieving a safe ablation modality without any side-effect in nearby cells. Moreover, the evolution of cell death post electroporation is key to obtaining a full understanding of the effects of IRE and selection of an optimal ablation threshold.

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Ablation Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention in Arrhythmia-Related Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Electroporation

Cited by 22 publications

References 102 publications

Preconditioning with Near-Infrared Irradiation to Enhance the Irreversible Electroporation Efficiency in HeLa Cells

Preconditioning with Near-Infrared Irradiation to Enhance the Irreversible Electroporation Efficiency in HeLa Cells

Pulse Duration Dependent Asymmetry in Molecular Transmembrane Transport Due to Electroporation in H9c2 Rat Cardiac Myoblast Cells In Vitro

Establishing Irreversible Electroporation Electric Field Potential Threshold in A Suspension In Vitro Model for Cardiac and Neuronal Cells

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