Ablation characteristics of rocket nozzle using HfC-SiC refractory ceramic composite

Long-Duration Dynamic Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Flow in Hybrid Rocket Motors Considering Nozzle Erosion

“…The model effectively predicted the erosion rate based on a quantitative clarification of the nozzle erosion mechanism [17]. Zhang investigated the combined effects of chemical ablation and mechanical erosion by numerical simulation [18,19]. The findings demonstrated that the erosion rate was primarily governed by both chemical ablation and mechanical erosion in the downstream region of the converging section and upstream of the throat.…”

Anti-ablation properties of ZrB2 modified carbon/phenolic composites in plasma wind tunnel

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Ceramic particles containing zirconium are particularly suitable for anti-ablation modification of materials due to the ultra-high melting point of the oxide. [11][12][13] Zhaoqi Niu et al 14 studied Zirconium chelated hybrid phenolic resin thermal insulation composites, and the results showed that the formation of ZrC and ZrO 2 thermal barrier ceramics is the main reason for enhanced thermal and anti-ablation properties. Masoud Salavati-Niasari et al [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] studied nanoparticles in the catalysis application.…”

“…[26][27][28] The widely used methods of ablation tests include oxyacetylene flame, 29 laser ablation, 30 plasma wind tunnel, 31 arc-jet wind tunnel, 32 and so on. 4,13 The first two methods can only simulate the high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere instead of the severe environment of high enthalpy, high velocity, and plasma non-equilibrium state, 33 and combustion products produced by oxyacetylene fuel will affect the ablative result of the materials. It is important to consider the interaction between the plasma environment and the materials.…”