Ablation Behavior of Silicone Rubber-Benzoxazine-Based Composites for Ultra-High Temperature Applications

Gao, Jinglong; Li, Zhixuan; Li, Jiayi; Liu, Yanhui

doi:10.3390/polym11111844

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[257] Benzoxazine resins are compatible with laying up/autoclaving, [258] resin transfer molding (RTM), [257,259,260] vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (vaRTM), [259] vacuum transfer process (VAP), [259] filament winding, [257,260] and press molding. [257,260] Polybenzoxazine composites can be applied in ablative materials, [261] including heat protection in rockets and engine nozzles. [257] Benzoxazine matrices are used in the manufacture of carbon fiber composites.…”

Section: Properties and Applications Of Benzoxazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Anagwu

Thakur

Skordos

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polybenzoxazines are high-performance materials capable of replacing conventional thermosets such as phenolics, epoxies, and bismaleimides in composites manufacturing due to their excellent thermomechanical and chemical behavior. Their versatility and compatibility with biobased precursors make them an attractive option as composite matrices. Like other thermosets, polybenzoxazines are not recyclable and cannot be reprocessed. Incorporating dynamic bonds in benzoxazine monomers can produce vitrimeric polybenzoxazines, which can potentially overcome this limitation and can be tuned to exhibit smart functionalities such as self-healing and shape memory. Dynamic bond exchange mechanisms for vitrimer development such as transesterification, imine bond, disulfide exchange, transamination, transcarbamoylation, transalkylation, olefin metathesis, transcarbonation, siloxane-silanol exchange, boronic ester, silyl ether exchange, and dioxaborolane metathesis are potentially applicable to benzoxazine chemistry, with disulfide bond and transesterification having successfully vitrimerized benzoxazines with topological transitions at −8.5 and 88 °C, respectively. Benzoxazine vitrimers featuring glass transitions of 193, 224, and 222-236 °C are now known. These place polybenzoxazines at the forefront of the development of reprocessable and recyclable thermosetting polymers and composite matrices.

show abstract

Section: Properties and Applications Of Benzoxazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Anagwu

Thakur

Skordos

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This result highlights the usefulness of silicone as additive in EHSM formulations. Gao and Liu [48] have proved the capability of silicone/benzoxazine resin as ablative material, with an ablation rate as low as 0.065 mm/s with a 20% resin formulation compared to 0.114 mm/s of the control sample.…”

Section: Epdm-based and Nitrile-based Heat Shielding Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review addresses a comparison, based on the literature, among nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), and polyurethane (PU) elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSM). Currently, these are utilized for the insulation of rocket engines to prevent catastrophic breakdown if combustion gases from propellant reaches the motor case. The objective of this review is to evaluate the performance of PU–EHSM, NBR–EHSM, and EPDM–EHSM as insulators, the latter being the current state of the art in solid rocket motor (SRM) internal insulation. From our review, PU–EHSM emerged as an alternative to EPDM–EHSM because of their easier processability and compatibility with composite propellant. With the appropriate reinforcement and concentration in the rubber, they could replace EPDM in certain applications such as rocket motors filled with composite propellant. A critical assessment and future trends are included. Rubber composites novelties as EHSM employs specialty fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS), nanofibers, nanoparticles, and high-performance engineering polymers such as polyetherimide and polyphosphazenes.

show abstract

“…Zhang et al (2021) also found that diamine derived from furfurylamine (PDFA), when able to react with cardanol/eugenol, had a char yield of ~65% at 850 °C. The thermal stability of highly crosslinked polybenzoxazines can be also enhanced when the biobased matrix is combined with other polymers or specific fillers. As an example (Gao et al, 2019), Gao et al studied the behavior of a new silicon rubber based composite containing benzoxazine resins and ZrO 2 : the limited ablation rate (~0.11 mm/s) of the control sample was reduced to ~0.06 mm/s with a 20% resin formulation. In their work, Subramani et al (Devaraju et al, 2019), prepared polybenzoxazines-by using cardanol and furfurylamine and further hybridization with silica was considered, by means of thiol-ene click reaction, with the main aim of enhancing thermal stability and fire resistance of the reference material.…”

Section: Benzoxazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During last decades a plethora of high temperature materials have been developed to work as a Thermal Protection System (TPS). Carbon based materials such as graphite, which possesses low density, high heat capacity and high energy of vaporization, have been used as TPS material. However, graphite has relatively poor mechanical properties, but exhibits low resistance to the thermal shocks. Accordingly, to bypass the limitation of graphite, carbon fibers are typically introduced in a carbon matrix to produce Carbon/Carbon Composites (CCCs). Among the different families of TPS solutions, Polymeric Ablative Materials (PAMs), produced combining high char yield matrices - mainly phenolic resins - and Carbon Fibers (CFs) are used to manufacture Carbon/Phenolic Composites (CPCs) i.e. the most important class of fiber reinforced PAM. Carbon fibers are traditionally produced from Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Rayon and Pitch. Some limited researches also aimed to use cyanate-esters, bismaleimides, benzoxazines matrices in combination with ex-PAN-CFs, ex-Rayon-CFs, and ex-Pitch-CFs. In our paper, after covering the science and technology of these state-of-the-art fiber reinforced TPS materials, a review of current challenges behind the manufacturing of new, high char yield matrices and carbon fibers derived from alternative precursors will be provided to the reader. In particular, the possibility to produce CFs from precursors different from PAN, Rayon and Pitch will be reported and similarly, the technology of non-oil based phenolics, bismaleimides, cyanate-esters and benzoxazines will be discussed. The effect of the use of nanosized fillers on these matrices will also be reported. More in detail, after a preliminary section in which the state of the art of technologies behind carbon/phenolic composites will be covered, a second part of this review paper will be focused on the most recent development related to non-oil based phenolics and biomass derived carbon fibers. Finally, an outlook focused on the maturity of the lab-scale protocols behind the researches at the base of these non-traditional raw materials from an industrial point of view will conclude this review paper.

show abstract

Ablation Behavior of Silicone Rubber-Benzoxazine-Based Composites for Ultra-High Temperature Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About