Ablation and thermo-mechanical investigation of short carbon fiber impregnated elastomeric ablatives for ultrahigh temperature applications

Bassyouni, M.; Iqbal, Nadeem; Iqbal, Sadia Sagar; Abdel-Hamid, S.M.S.; Abdel‐Aziz, M.H.; Javaid, Umair; Khan, Mohammad Bilal

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.032

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure a–d shows the decomposition behavior of R‐0, R‐1, R‐2, R‐3, R‐4 set and KE‐0, KE‐1, KE‐2, KE‐3, KE‐4 group, respectively, in nitrogen environment from 35°C to 800°C. The step degradation in TGA curves is commonly related to thermal stability of material .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and viscoelastic study of functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy/Kevlar composites

et al. 2017

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Nanomaterials‐strengthened diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and aramid fiber composites were investigated for 0.16 wt% and 0.32 wt% of industrial and COOH‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Epoxy/Kevlar fiber/MWCNT hybrid composites were prepared using a vacuum resin‐infusion molding method (VRIM) based on 0.68 aramid fiber mass fractions. The effects of MWCNTs on the viscoelastic, mechanical, and thermal properties of composites were investigated. The chemical structure of composites was studied using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples with COOH‐functionalized nanotubes showed a strong impact on thermogravimetric analysis, in contrast to composites having the equivalent amount of industrial grade MWCNTs. The outcomes show that addition of MWCNTs to epoxy has a substantial influence on viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic and thermal analyses show that storage modulus escalates with the addition of functionalized MWCNTs. Micrographs of MWCNTs‐enriched epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy samples revealed the uniform distribution of COOH‐functionalized MWCNTs in epoxy (as compared to industrial grade MWCNTs), resulting in increased interfacial strength between fiber/matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2064–E2073, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and viscoelastic study of functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy/Kevlar composites

et al. 2017

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“…The second weight loss was found to be ~32%. The observed high thermal stability of the Cr‐PPT in the second stage can be attributed to strengthen of cross‐linking between polymer chains and chromium ions as the metals can enhance the ablation and thermal properties of the polymers . In the third stage, a weight loss of ~55% after 850°C was obtained because of the complete thermal degradation of the polymer backbone after the loss of dopant ions .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New microstructured chromium doped poly(p‐toluidine) as a new acid–base indicator and precursor for chromic oxide nanostructured

Zoromba

Abdel‐Aziz

Bassyouni

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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New chromium doped poly(p‐toluidine) (Cr‐PPT) was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization of p‐toluidine with potassium dichromate as an initiator in acidic aqueous medium. The spectrophotometric behavior of Cr‐PPT in acetone and chloroform as different solvents was investigated. Cr‐PPT exhibits bathochromically red shift at 46‐nm value with the increasing of solvent polarity. The intermolecular charge transfer band peak for Cr‐PPT shifted from 422 nm in low‐polar solvent (chloroform) to high‐polar solvent (acetone) to 468 nm. Optical absorption measurements are used to obtain the energy gap of prepared Cr‐PPT. Cr‐PPT has an optical band gap (Eg = 1.90 to 2.05 eV) that is located in the semiconductor range. Pink color was observed using Cr‐PPT solution in acidic media while it changes sharply to yellow in basic medium. Based on intermolecular charge transfer, the Cr‐PPT was used as acid–base indicator. Cr‐PPT and phenolphthalein (phph) indicator were used for determination of normality of HCl using standard 0.1 N NaOH, the two indicators gave equal end point values. Using Cr‐PPT as a new molecular precursor for the production chromium oxide in nanoscale by thermal decomposition route was studied, and the average size of synthesized Cr2O3 was found in the range of 54–61 nm. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Some elastomers such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and dimethyl silicone rubber have least specific gravity, which break down endothermically and form a char covering in the course of ablation; however, uncompounded elastomers have poor resistance to surface erosion and processing properties. Hence, elastomers are coupled with additives and inorganic fillers for incorporating specific processing attributes, principally to boost the ablation resistance . Elastomeric materials such as nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and ethylene propylene diene rubber are mostly used for making an insulation casing for rocket motor cases.…”

Section: A Focus On Ehsms For Srmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

George

Panda

Mohanty

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Catastrophic breakdown that occurs during the flight of supersonic vehicles demands more focused research in the insulation of rocket engines. At present, optimization of polymeric ablatives as viable insulation for solid rocket motor casing has a prominent role in the successful mission of rockets. Among polymers, elastomer serves an imperative part. Comprehensive investigations were disclosed, especially in the elastomeric heat shielding materials with various reinforcing agents. In this paper, research progress of mostly used elastomers is reviewed, and a circumstantial understanding about the features of ablation and insulation has been validated. 2-4 Therefore, to protect the vehicle from miserable failure of spacecraft, some design features are added to cope with the aerodynamic heating. 5Thermal protection system (TPS) materials impart heat shield to protect the structure, aerodynamic surface and the payload of missiles, and those vehicles interacting with the hypersonic environment. 6,7 Polymeric ablative materials serve to effect as TPS that defends space vehicles and probes during the atmospheric entry; they are effective to produce passively cooled rocket combustion chambers 8 and to render insulation to the solid rocket motors (SRMs) at high temperature. [9][10][11] Although some nonpolymeric materials such as inorganic polymers/ceramics or metals have been used as ablative TPS, polymeric ablatives represent the most flexible category of ablatives. In contrast to the inorganic polymers, polymer ablatives have more inborn benefits: high-heat shock resistance, lower density, good mechanical strength, and thermal insulation capabilities. 12The broad range of heat shielding materials (HSMs) for rocket motor casing is produced from reinforced thermosets or elastomers. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The most assuring material for the HSM for rocket motors is the elastomers, which can be produced as rubbers, foamed rubbers, or fiber-reinforced composite materials. On the grounds of lightweight, low thermal conductivity, stability in the mechanical and thermal stresses during the operation, elastomeric HSMs (EHSMs) can find relevance in the insulation of SRM casing where thermal insulation is a prime necessity. They do not possess the ability to form cokes without the introduction of special additives due to the linear chain structure of elastomers, thus no solid carbonic residue on thermal decomposition.Also, elastomers have high elongation at break and the capacity to withstand the mechanical and the thermal stresses during the manufacturing and in use. 20This review puts the elastomeric materials as ablative insulators for SRM into frame and would confer the readers the progress that has been attained in developing relatively low surface eroding and ablative insulating systems for SRM. These systems can be used to manufacture variety of ablative TPS systems for rocket motor casing application and would provide an idea regarding the composite system that would behave elastomeric as well as ablative. Scrutini...

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Ablation and thermo-mechanical investigation of short carbon fiber impregnated elastomeric ablatives for ultrahigh temperature applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanical and viscoelastic study of functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy/Kevlar composites

Mechanical and viscoelastic study of functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy/Kevlar composites

New microstructured chromium doped poly(p‐toluidine) as a new acid–base indicator and precursor for chromic oxide nanostructured

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

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