ABLA: An Algorithm for Repairing Structure-Based Locators Through Attribute Annotations

Aldalur, Iñigo; Larrinaga, Félix; Pérez, Alain

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62008-0_7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Looking at the list of attributes in Figures 5 and 6 we note some interesting observations. ID is an often mentioned attribute for web element localization [17], [27], [28]. However, as shown by the results, ID is seldom used in practice, implying that reliance on this attribute would have detrimental effects on web element localization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Robust web element identification for evolving applications by considering visual overlaps

Nass¹,

Coppola²,

Alégroth³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fragile (i.e., non-robust) test execution is a common challenge for automated GUI-based testing of web applications as they evolve. Despite recent progress, there is still room for improvement since test execution failures caused by technical limitations result in unnecessary maintenance costs that limit its effectiveness and efficiency. One of the most reported technical challenges for web-based tests concerns how to reliably locate a web element used by a test script.This paper proposes the novel concept of Visually Overlapping Nodes (VON) that reduces fragility by utilizing the phenomenon that visual web elements (observed by the user) are constructed from multiple web-elements in the Document Object Model (DOM) that overlaps visually.We demonstrate the approach in a tool, VON Similo, which extends the state-of-the-art multi-locator approach (Similo) that is also used as the baseline for an experiment. In the experiment, a ground truth set of 1163 manually collected web element pairs, from different releases of the 40 most popular web applications on the internet, are used to compare the approaches' precision, recall, and accuracy.Our results show that VON Similo provides 94.7% accuracy in identifying a web element in a new release of the same SUT. In comparison, Similo provides 83.8% accuracy.These results demonstrate the applicability of the visually overlapping nodes concept/tool for web element localization in evolving web applications and contribute a novel way of thinking about web element localization in future research on GUI-based testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Robust web element identification for evolving applications by considering visual overlaps

Nass¹,

Coppola²,

Alégroth³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, the locator system is needed to identify on which web node the action was performed. With regard to the locator system, there are several types of locators: first generation, coordinate-based; second generation, structure-based, (i. e. xpath) and node attributes and third generation, image-based [74]. The robustness of these types of locators is different.…”

Section: Excore Meta-modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robustness of these types of locators is different. Robustness is defined as the ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution [74]. First generation locators are not used today due to their lack of robustness, they are extremely sensitive to modest changes in the DOM structure and web page layout.…”

Section: Excore Meta-modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web Augmentation as a Technique to Diminish User Interactions in Repetitive Tasks

2021

Self Cite

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The use of the World Wide Web has experienced extraordinary growth in the last decades. The Web has become the main source of information for millions of users. The number of websites offering content to users is countless. In order to personalise information according to their needs, users often have to visit multiple, unconnected pages. Users perform a number of actions to collect that information that requires concentration. If the number of Web resources is large, the activity becomes unpleasant. The problem increases when these tasks are performed frequently and repetitively. These tasks are time-consuming and lead users to experience frustration and disorientation during the activity, causing a loss of concentration that prolongs the activity over time. Web Augmentation combines different Web technologies to improve user experience on existing pages by adding content from different pages among other benefits. This article proposes Web Augmentation as a technique to reduce user interactions in repetitive tasks. To support the proposal, the paper introduces Excore, a browser extension for Web Augmentation that allows end-users to add content from different resources automatically. The article presents the benefits introduced by this approach as a response to the drawbacks experienced by users while performing their activities on the Web. The architecture of the platform and its operations are described by means of an example. A double evaluation of the extension is addressed, one qualitative and one quantitative. The results show that Excore reduces the number of interactions by 94.45% and the time to complete a task by 80.75%.

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A visual programming tool for mobile web augmentation

Aldalur,

Perez,

Larrinaga

et al. 2024

Knowl Inf Syst

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ABLA: An Algorithm for Repairing Structure-Based Locators Through Attribute Annotations

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Robust web element identification for evolving applications by considering visual overlaps

Robust web element identification for evolving applications by considering visual overlaps

Web Augmentation as a Technique to Diminish User Interactions in Repetitive Tasks

A visual programming tool for mobile web augmentation

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