Abiotic Stress Response in Plants: The Relevance of Tocopherols

Čamagajevac, Ivna Štolfa; Pfeiffer, Tanja Žuna; Maronić, Dubravka Špoljarić

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75088-0_11

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The potential application of HPT2-pattern-like genes for crop improvement can be exemplified by the transgenic overexpression of HvHPT2 in barley. As the major lipid soluble antioxidant synthesized in green plants [ 82 ], vitamin E not only plays a crucial role in plant growth [ 83 ] and various stress tolerance [ 84 ], but also forms an essential component in human diet with numerous nutritional and medical values [ 85 , 86 ]. A sufficient intake of vitamin E can help to prevent neurological disorders and chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cataracts, and cancers, and maintain the healthy development of various tissues and organs, including brain, nerves, muscle and bone, skin, bone marrow, and blood [ 85 , 86 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication

Jia

et al. 2023

BMC Biol

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Background Gene duplication is a prevalent phenomenon and a major driving force underlying genome evolution. The process leading to the fixation of gene duplicates following duplication is critical to understand how genome evolves but remains fragmentally understood. Most previous studies on gene retention are based on gene duplicate analyses in single reference genome. No population-based comparative gene retention analysis has been performed to date. Results Taking advantage of recently published genomic data in Triticeae, we dissected a divergent homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT2) lineage caught in the middle stage of gene fixation following duplication. The presence/absence of HPT2 in barley (diploid), wild emmer (tetraploid), and bread wheat (hexaploid) pangenome lines appears to be associated with gene dosage constraint and environmental adaption. Based on these observations, we adopted a phylogeny-based orthology inference approach and performed comparative gene retention analyses across barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat. This led to the identification of 326 HPT2-pattern-like genes at whole genome scale, representing a pool of gene duplicates in the middle stage of gene fixation. Majority of these HPT2-pattern-like genes were identified as small-scale duplicates, such as dispersed, tandem, and proximal duplications. Natural selection analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes have experienced relaxed selection pressure, which is generally accompanied with partial positive selection and transcriptional divergence. Functional enrichment analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes are over-represented with molecular-binding and defense response functions, supporting the potential role of environmental adaption during gene retention. We also observed that gene duplicates from larger gene family are more likely to be lost, implying a gene dosage constraint effect. Further comparative gene retention analysis in barley and bread wheat pangenome lines revealed combined effects of species-specific selection and gene dosage constraint. Conclusions Comparative gene retention analyses at the population level support gene dosage constraint, environmental adaption, and species-specific selection as three factors that may affect gene retention following gene duplication. Our findings shed light on the evolutionary process leading to the retention of newly formed gene duplicates and will greatly improve our understanding on genome evolution via duplication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication

Jia

et al. 2023

BMC Biol

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“…Tocopherols, the collective term of four structurally similar complex (α-, β-, γand δ-), are strong antioxidants that could prevent lipids from oxidation by providing hydrogen atom of the chromanol head to lipid peroxy radical oxygen [16][17][18]. Tocopherols are also highly effective quenchers or chemical scavengers of all forms of activated oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-expression of a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase gene in vitamin E pathway confers PEG-simulated drought tolerance in alfalfa

Qiu

Gao

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: α-Tocopherol is one of the most important vitamin E components present in plant. α-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant, which can deactivate photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent lipids from oxidation when plants suffer drought stress. γ-Tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) catalyzes the formation of αtocopherol in the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway. Our previous studies showed that over-expression of γ-TMT gene can increase the accumulation of α-tocopherol in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). However, whether these transgenic plants confer increased drought tolerance and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Results: In the present study, we further evaluate transgenic alfalfa lines, and found that over-expression of MsTMT led to an increase in α-tocopherol and total tocopherol level in the transgenic lines compared with the control plant. It was revealed that drought tolerance of the transgenic alfalfa was remarkably increased, with alleviated oxidative damage and accumulation of more osmolytic substances. The stomatal development in transgenic plants was significantly inhibited on both sides of leaves, which may be resulted from the repression of MsSPCHLESS (MsSPCH) gene. The reduced stomatal density of transgenic plants contributes to a lower stomatal conductance and higher water use efficiency (WUE). Moreover, both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicate that regulatory mechanism of MsTMT in drought involved in both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MsTMT gene plays a positive role in regulating alfalfa response to PEGsimulated drought stress, which might involve complex mechanisms, including ROS scavenging system, stomatal development and multiple phytohormone signaling pathways. This study will broaden our view on the function of γ-TMT gene and provide new strategy for genetic engineering in alfalfa breeding.

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“…These antioxidant enzymes are located in different sites within plant cells and work together to detoxify ROS [35]. In addition, low molecular mass antioxidant compounds like ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids, tocopherols, and carotenoids are also crucial for ROS homeostasis in plants [36][37][38].…”

Section: Antioxidant Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tocopherols are present in seeds, fruits, roots, tubers, cotyledons, hypocotyls, stems, leaves, and flowers. In addition, α-tocopherol may regulate the concentrations of plant hormones, such as jasmonic acid, which control both growth and development [38,77].…”

Section: Tocopherolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Plants

Massange-Sánchez¹,

Sánchez-Hernández²,

Hernández-Herrera³

et al. 2022

Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture

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Salinity is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide and affects plant growth, reproduction, and crop yields by inducing physiological and biochemical changes due to osmotic and ionic shifts in plant cells. One of the principal modifications caused by osmotic stress is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause membrane damage and alter proteins, DNA structures, and photosynthetic processes. In response, plants increase their arsenal of antioxidant compounds, such as ROS scavenging enzymes and nonenzymatic elements like ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids, tocopherols, and carotenoids, and their rates of osmolyte synthesis to conserve ion homeostasis and manage salt stress. This chapter describes the principal biochemical mechanisms that are employed by plants to survive under salt-stress conditions, including the most recent research regarding plant tolerance, and suggests strategies to produce valuable crops that are able to deal with soil salinity.

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Abiotic Stress Response in Plants: The Relevance of Tocopherols

Cited by 10 publications

References 118 publications

Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication

Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication

Over-expression of a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase gene in vitamin E pathway confers PEG-simulated drought tolerance in alfalfa

The Biochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Plants

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