Abiotic stress affects the yield and nutrients of buckwheat grains

Abstract

The accumulation of valuable nutrients in grains is dependent on a number of factors, including biotic and abiotic stress, and the effects of herbicides. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a metazachlor and clomazone mixture and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) on the chemical composition of the neutral detergent fibre, lipids, protein and ash content of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. A field experiment was conducted in 2013-2015. The mixture containing metazachlor (750 g ha -1 ) and clomazone (96 g ha -1 ) applied one day after buckwheat sowing proved to be phytotoxic and caused leaf chlorosis. These symptoms persisted until the end of the flowering stage and gradually disappeared during the seed formation stage. MCPA applied at the stage of two true leaves at a dose of 750 g ha -1 showed a higher phytotoxic effect, manifested by deformation and discoloration of the buckwheat stems. MCPA as well as mixture containing metazachlor and clomazone significantly increased the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), its fractions (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) and proteins compared with the control treatment. However, they caused a significant decrease in the ash content. Compared to the untreated control buckwheat seeds, application of MCPA caused an increase in the content of the following compounds: neutral detergent fibre (1.2%), hemicellulose (0.8%), cellulose (11.1%), lignin (0.6%) and protein (2.03%); mixture metazachlor and clomazone increase: neutral detergent fibre (0.8%), hemicellulose (0.5%), cellulose (11.3%), lignin (0.43%) and protein (0.60%). Each of the surveyed phytotoxic substances caused stress to buckwheat plants, with MCPA applied in the stage of two true leaves at a dose of 750 g ha -1 being the most aggressive stressor that caused deformation of the buckwheat plants, decreased yield (0.68 t ha -1 ) and increased protein content (2.03%) in the buckwheat grains.

Bioactive Compounds in Different Buckwheat Species

“…Generally, the protein concentration of buckwheat grains varies from 12–19%. However, the concentration of proteins varies from species to species and is also influenced by environmental factors, cultivars, and agronomic practices [ 15 , 16 ]. On the basis of qualitative analysis, tartary buckwheat shows a higher concentration of proteins and amino acids than common buckwheat [ 18 , 39 ].…”

“…A protein concentration of 12–19% is generally observed in buckwheat grains. This content however is highly dependent on species, various environmental factors, as well as crop management practices [ 15 , 16 ]. When grains are analyzed qualitatively, tartary buckwheat achieves a higher concentration of proteins and amino acids compared to the common buckwheat [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Comparison of Plant Morphology, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum Grown under Field Conditions in Belgium

“…It is well known that environmental conditions and agricultural practices may affect the nutritional qualities of crops [ 26 , 27 ]. In this paper, we compared plant growth, yield-related parameters and seed nutritional qualities of two varieties of F. esculentum and F. tataricum under field conditions in Belgium.…”

Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

“…The reintroduction of crops with an excellent chemical composition, which had a long tradition of cultivation in some regions, is one of the ways to change the eating habits with the aim to contribute to improving the health of the population. Buckwheat is one among the mentioned traditional high-quality crops [4,5,[10][11][12][13].…”

“…The composition of proteins enables buckwheat grain to be used as a non-gluten-containing food source, with applications in the prophylaxis of gastrointestinal tract diseases, mainly celiac disease [10]. Starch content in buckwheat grains varies from 59% to 70% [11], total dietary fiber represents 5% to 11% of buckwheat grains [12]. Buckwheat grains contain from 1.5% to 4% of total lipids [13].…”