Ability of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antenna for NDT of concrete structures

Embedded Antennas in Dry and Saturated Concrete for Application in Wireless Sensors

“…In [23,24] the relationship between the moisture content of concrete and the measured amplitude attenuation of radio waves were studied at 1.5 GHz (which showed the corresponding microwave power loss). In [23][24][25][26] the permittivity of reinforced concrete with metal mesh/gird or steel bars buried inside and its relationship with respect to the moisture content, frequency, and physical location of the metal objects were studied. Buyukozturk [18] measured and provided the dielectric constant, loss factor, and conductivity of concrete from 0.1 GHz to 20 GHz for four different moisture content values: wet, saturated, air dried, and oven dried.…”

Waterfront Depth Analysis in Hardened Concrete by Means of the Nondestructive Ground-Penetrating Radar Technique

“…Some studies assess water content variation in concrete by means of the analysis of electromagnetic wave parameters [13][14][15]; others studies are focused on characterizing the pore Waterfront depth analysis in hardened concrete by means of the non-destructive Ground-penetrating radar technique Isabel Rodríguez-Abad, Gilles Klysz, Rosa Martínez-Sala, Jean Paul Balayssac, Jesús Mené-Aparicio system of hardened concrete [16] or in determining the concrete volumetric water content [17]. Even most recent studies analyze the relationship between wave parameters recorded by GPR with some indicators related to the durability, in particular, water and chloride contents [18].…”

GPR Raw-Data Order Statistic Filtering and Split-Spectrum Processing to Detect Moisture

“…The paper focuses on the effectiveness of using GPR as a NDT method in terms of improving understanding of both possible structural defects and underlying supports, such as rebars [15][16][17][18]. Furthermore, the order statistic filters perform better when GPR and noise have good statistical separation, representing a particular rank, such as minimum, median or maximum.…”