Ability of Organic and Inorganic Bedding Materials to Promote Growth of Environmental Bacteria

Godden, Sandra; Bey, R.; Lorch, K.; Farnsworth, R. J.; Rapnicki, Paul

doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0415

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The interest in recycled manure solids (RMS) as a substitute bedding source has thus increased due to their high on-site availability and benefits for cow comfort (Garcia and Diaz-Royón, 2014;Leach et al, 2015;House, 2016). However, several studies reported that RMS have a greater ability to promote the growth of environmental bacteria than other bedding products (Godden et al, 2008;Rowbotham and Ruegg, 2016;Bradley et al, 2018). As a result, dairy stakeholders are skeptical about using RMS successfully as bedding (Meyer et al, 2007;Harrison et al, 2008;Husfeldt et al, 2012), especially in wet and cold areas such as Canada (Leach et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of recycled manure solids for bedding in Canadian dairy farms: I. Solid–liquid separation

Fournel

Godbout

Ruel

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Canadian dairy producers have an increasing interest in recycled manure solids (RMS) as bedding material because of reduced availability of traditional bedding resources. Information regarding methods to obtain RMS and composition of RMS is very limited. Hence, a 2-part investigation was developed to compare the performances of 3 mechanical solid-liquid manure separators (part I) and 4 composting methods (part II; companion paper in this issue) for the production of high quality RMS. In this first study, a roller press, a screw press, and a decanter centrifuge were tested for the separation of slurry manure from a commercial dairy farm. During the experiment, the quantity of slurry manure processed and the volume and mass of the liquid and solid fractions were measured. The energy consumption of each separator was recorded, and samples of the slurry, liquid, and solid effluents were collected for analysis. The type of separator did not significantly influence the chemical and bacteriological composition of RMS produced. The choice of a separator for Canadian dairy producers should thus be based on the equipment cost and its capacity, targeted solids dry matter (DM) content and structure, and fertilizing quality of the separated liquid. The decanter centrifuge produced the solid phase with the highest DM and best separation efficiencies for DM, N, and P. However, its low production capacity (1.5 m 3 /h vs. 9.1-20.3 m 3 /h) combined with its high acquisition cost (Can$145,000 vs. Can$75,000) and energy consumption (4.99 kWh/ m 3 vs. 0.10-0.35 kWh/m 3 ) reduce its technical and profitability values. Besides, the centrifuge produced fine structured RMS and a low-quality liquid fraction, not suitable as dairy cow bedding and fertilizer, respectively. Both presses reached acceptable production capacity at a minimal operation cost. However, the poor performance in terms of DM (25%) of the model of screw press used in this study produced RMS unsuitable for immediate use without further processing. The model of roller press used in this study had the advantages of almost reaching the recommended DM content in RMS (>34%), being flexible in terms of inputs, and producing fluffy RMS. Nevertheless, its compression process seemed to allow greater passage of solids into the liquid fraction compared with the screw press. Part II of this work explores different composting methods to reduce the health risks associated with screw-pressed RMS before their use as bedding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of recycled manure solids for bedding in Canadian dairy farms: I. Solid–liquid separation

Fournel

Godbout

Ruel

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Overwhelmingly, inorganic bedding (i.e., sand) maintains better herd health (Norring et al 2008) as well as harbouring fewer bacteria than organic materials such as wood shavings and straw (Hogan et al 1989;Eckes et al 2001;Bey and Reneau 2002). In addition, farms employing inorganic bedding have exhibited higher milk production than those employing other bedding types (Godden et al 2008). If dairy operation transitions away from more traditional organic bedding as a result of the lower costs (Rowbotham and Ruegg 2015) and these other positive attributes (Husfeldt et al 2012), it is important to consider the impact that this may have on GHG emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do volatile solids from bedding materials increase greenhouse gas emissions for stored dairy manure?

Riche¹,

VanderZaag

Wagner-Riddle³

et al. 2017

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Current approaches for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure storages do not consider contributions due to bedding materials. Compared with sand, wood-based bedding has the potential to increase volatile solids and total solids concentrations and favour crust formation in liquid dairy manure. In this study, the GHG emissions from wood and sand bedding slurries were evaluated monitored continuously for 207 d (1 May-24 Nov. 2014) under "warm season" storage conditions. For both slurries, methane (CH 4 ) made up >95% of the GHG emissions. The sand bedding slurry had minimal crust, which also led to more evaporation and higher ammonia volatilization losses when scaled by nitrogen content. The wood bedding slurry emitted 51% more CH 4 , eight times more nitrous oxide, and 53% more total GHG emissions (CO 2 -eqivalents). However, these differences were reduced if only the initial 123 d (1 May-31 Aug. 2014) of storage was considered. This was presumably related to the slower degradability of the wood bedding. Given these differences bedding choice should be considered in GHG emissions estimates.Résumé : Les approches actuelles employées pour estimer le volume de gaz à effet de serre (GES) que dégagent les réserves de fumier ne tiennent pas compte des émissions issues de la litière. Contrairement au sable, les copeaux de bois peuvent augmenter la concentration de solides volatils (SV) et de solides totaux. Ils favorisent aussi la formation d'une croûte à la surface du lisier des bovins laitiers. Les auteurs ont évalué les émissions de GES des boues de litière ligneuse et sableuse de façon continue pendant 207 jours (du 1 er mai au 24 novembre 2014), soit dans les conditions de stockage de la « belle saison ». Le méthane (CH 4 ) représente plus de 95 % des GES libérés par les deux types de boues. La boue de litière sableuse ne présentait qu'une très mince croûte, si bien que l'évaporation et la volatilisation de l'ammoniac étaient plus importantes, proportionnellement à la quantité d'azote. La boue de litière ligneuse a libéré 51 % de CH 4 de plus, huit fois plus d'oxyde nitreux et 53 % de plus de GES au total (en équivalent de CO 2 ). Toutefois, ces écarts s'atténuent quand on ne tient compte que des 123 premiers jours de stockage (du 1 er mai au 31 août 2014), sans doute à cause de la dégradation plus lente des copeaux de bois. Face à de telles variations, l'estimation des émissions de GES devrait prendre en compte la nature de la litière employée. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : fumier, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, méthane, oxyde nitreux, ammoniac, bovins laitiers.

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“…Bedding is a primary reservoir for growth of most environmental mastitis pathogens and serves as a point of exposure of teats, so it is important to understand the relationship between pathogen populations in bedding and on teat skin (Hogan et al, 1990;Zdanowicz et al, 2004;Proietto et al, 2013). In vitro studies of the ability of sterilized bedding materials to support pathogen growth have shown that recycled manure can support the log growth phase for 0 to 24 h, 6 to 24 h, or no log growth for coliforms, Streptococcus uberis and Enterococcus faecium, respectively (Zehner et al, 1986;Godden et al, 2008). These studies reported log growth of coliforms for up to 48 h (followed by a stationary phase for up to 102 h) in clean sand and wood products, but no log or stationary growth phases in these same bedding materials for streptococci (which began a death phase at the time of inoculation).…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of bedding types with management practices and indicators of milk quality on larger Wisconsin dairy farms

Rowbotham

Ruegg

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to identify associations of bedding type and selected management practices with bulk milk quality and productivity of larger Wisconsin dairy farms. Dairy herds (n=325) producing ≥11,340 kg of milk daily were surveyed during a single farm visit. Monthly bulk milk SCC and total bacteria counts were obtained from milk buyers for 255 farms for a 2-yr period. Of farms with the same type of bedding in all pens during the study period, most used inorganic bedding (IB), followed by organic nonmanure bedding (OB) and manure products (MB). Almost all bulk milk total bacterial counts were <10,000 cfu/mL and total bacterial count was not associated with bedding type. Bulk milk somatic cell score (BMSCS) was least for farms using IB, varied seasonally, and was greatest in the summer. The BMSCS was reduced when new bedding was added to stalls at intervals greater than 1 wk and when teats were dried before attaching the milking unit. The BMSCS for farms using OB was reduced when bedding in the backs of stalls was removed and replaced regularly and when fewer cows with nonfunctioning mammary quarters were present. The BMSCS for farms using MB was reduced when the proportion of cows with milk discarded was less. The rolling herd average (RHA) of herds using IB was 761 and 1,153 kg greater than the RHA of herds using OB and MB, respectively. The RHA was 353 kg greater on farms where farmers understood subclinical mastitis and 965 kg greater on farms milking 3 times daily. Each 1% increase of cows with nonfunctioning mammary quarters was associated with a decrease of 57 kg of RHA. The BMSCS, proportions of cows with milk discarded and proportion of cows with nonfunctioning mammary quarters were least for herds using IB and were associated with increased productivity. Large Wisconsin dairy farms that used inorganic bedding had greater productivity and better milk quality compared with herds using other bedding types.

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Ability of Organic and Inorganic Bedding Materials to Promote Growth of Environmental Bacteria

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Production of recycled manure solids for bedding in Canadian dairy farms: I. Solid–liquid separation

Production of recycled manure solids for bedding in Canadian dairy farms: I. Solid–liquid separation

Do volatile solids from bedding materials increase greenhouse gas emissions for stored dairy manure?

Association of bedding types with management practices and indicators of milk quality on larger Wisconsin dairy farms

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