Ability of Gamma-Irradiated Polyvalent Antivenin to Neutralize the Toxicity of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje) Venom

Shaban, Esmat A.; Hafez, Manar N.

doi:10.21608/ejhm.2003.18238

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present study, as to Elapidae venoms the LD 50 of N. haje venom was 2.1µg/ mouse (0.105mg/kg) by IV injection. This nearly agreed by Seddik et al (2002) and Shaban and Hafez (2003), they found that LD 50 of N. haje venom was 0.2mg/kg by IP root, and 2.1µg/ mouse by IV root respectively. This difference may be due to different in route of injection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cross Neutralization of Some Kinds of Vipers and Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East Using Vacsera Polyvalent Viper Antisera

ELFIKY¹,

GIRGIS²,

ZID

et al. 2022

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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As the death rate due to snake bites was differ enormously between different countries, the study conducted was an extensive of neutralization of lethality of two species of genus Naja, seven species of genus Vipera, and two species of Macrovipera by using VACSERA equine antisera. The results showed that polyvalent snake venom antisera from VACSERA (which was prepared by injection of horses by Cerrastes cerastes, and Echis carinatus) was highly effective in neutralizing specifically to venom used for immunization and para-specifically to other species including Naja haje, Naja nigricollis, Vipera palastinae, Vipera xanthina, Vipera ammodytes, Echis coloratus, Cerastes vipera and Pseudoechis beside Macrovipera species including Macrovipera lebetina obtuse, Macrovipera lebetina turanica. The present study was established for whether specific or para-specific neutralization exists, its extent and the potency of para-specific versus specific neutralization within and between each genus, leading to wide spread of VACSERA Viper antivenom within the different countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cross Neutralization of Some Kinds of Vipers and Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East Using Vacsera Polyvalent Viper Antisera

ELFIKY¹,

GIRGIS²,

ZID

et al. 2022

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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“…injection. This r nearly agreed with Shaban and Hafez (2003), they found that LD 50 of N. haje venom was 2.1 µg/mouse by IV. But, LD 50 of N. nigricollis was 7.2µg/mouse (0.36mg/kg).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cross Neutralization of Some Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East by Vacsera Polyvalent Snake Antisera

ELFIKY,

ELFEEL

2024

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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An extensive study of neutralization of lethality of two species of elapid, seven species of genus Viper, and two species of Macrovipera by VACSERA polyvalent snake antisera.The results showed that polyvalent snake venom antisera prepared by injecting horses with Naja haje, Naja nigricolis, and Cerrastes cerrastes venom) was highly effective in neutralizing the venoms specifically and neutralized Para-specifically others including Vipera palastinae, Vipera xanthina, Vipera ammodytes, Echis coloratus, Echis carinatus, Cerastes vipera and pseudocerrastes-feildi beside Macrovipera species including Macrovipera lebetina obtuse, M. lebetina turanica.

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“…The results showed a decrease in biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, as well as a reduction in lesions in the examined organs (liver, spleen, and heart). These organs appeared more or less normal with very few remaining anomalies [ 53 ] something that was not observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Assessing the Efficacy of Monovalent and Commercialized Antivenoms for Neutralizing Moroccan Cobra Naja haje Venom: A Comparative Study

Khourcha,

Hilal,

Elbejjaj

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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In Morocco, eight species of venomous snakes belonging to the Viperidae and Elapidae families are responsible for severe envenomation cases. The species from the Elapidae family is only represented by the medically relevant cobra Naja haje, which is widely distributed in North Africa. However, there is little information on the systemic effects of Moroccan cobra venom on vital organs due to regional variations. It has been demonstrated that the venom of Naja haje from Egypt causes hemorrhage, while the venom of the Moroccan cobra is neurotoxic and devoid of systemic bleeding. This variability is known to significantly influence treatment efficacy against Naja haje cobra bites in the Middle East. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the lethality induced by Naja haje venom, as well as the evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of two antivenoms; the monospecific antivenom made for Naja haje only and the antivenom marketed in the Middle East and North Africa. We first determined the toxicity of Naja haje venom by LD50 test, then compared the neutralizing capacity of the two antivenoms studied by determining the ED50. We also performed histological analysis on Swiss mice envenomed and treated with these antivenoms to observe signs of cobra venom envenomation and the degree of reduction of induced systemic alterations. The results showed significant differences between both antivenoms in terms of neutralization. The monospecific antivenom was four times more effective than the marketed antivenom. These results were confirmed by a histological study, which showed that monospecific antivenoms neutralized severe signs of mortality, such as congestion of blood vessels in the heart and kidneys, pulmonary and renal edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes in the liver, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain and spleen. However, the polyvalent antivenom failed to protect all severe lesions induced by Naja haje venom in mice. These findings highlight the negative impact of geographic variation on the effectiveness of conventional antivenom therapy and confirm the need for a specific Naja haje antivenom for the effective treatment of cobra envenomation in Morocco.

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Ability of Gamma-Irradiated Polyvalent Antivenin to Neutralize the Toxicity of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje) Venom

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Cross Neutralization of Some Kinds of Vipers and Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East Using Vacsera Polyvalent Viper Antisera

Cross Neutralization of Some Kinds of Vipers and Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East Using Vacsera Polyvalent Viper Antisera

Cross Neutralization of Some Snake Venoms From Africa and Middle East by Vacsera Polyvalent Snake Antisera

Assessing the Efficacy of Monovalent and Commercialized Antivenoms for Neutralizing Moroccan Cobra Naja haje Venom: A Comparative Study

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