Ability of College Students to Simulate ADHD on Objective Measures of Attention

Booksh, Randee Lee; Pella, Russell D.; Singh, Ashvind N.; Gouvier, William Drew

doi:10.1177/1087054708329927

Cited by 95 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Sollman et al [17] evaluated the usefulness of ADHD symptom checklists, neurocognitive tests, and symptom validity tests (i.e., measures, such as the Word Memory Test, initially developed to detect feigned neurocognitive or psychiatric dysfunction), in discriminating between students instructed to feign ADHD and those known to have the disorder. As found in other studies [18], ADHD self-report scales did not accurately differentiate these groups [17]. Widely used neuropsychological assessments and objective measures of attention (i.e., the Conners' Continuous Performance Test [19]), also were not effective [17].…”

Section: Malingeringmentioning

confidence: 56%

What Do We Really Know about ADHD in College Students?

2012

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Research on ADHD in college students began in the 1990s and has been steadily increasing in recent years. Because young adults with ADHD who attend college have experienced greater academic success during high school than many peers with the disorder, which is likely to be associated with better overall functioning, the degree to which they experience similar patterns of adjustment difficulties was not initially known. Accumulating research suggests that college students with ADHD experience less academic success and greater psychological and emotional difficulties than other students and use alcohol and drugs at higher rates. However, conclusions to be drawn from this research are limited by the use of small samples that may not be representative of the wider population of students with ADHD, and a lack of diagnostic rigor in identifying students with ADHD to be included in such research. Studies of the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments, medication treatment, and academic accommodations are extremely limited or nonexistent. Issues particularly germane to college students include feigning ADHD and the misuse and diversion of stimulant medication. Given that at least 25 % of college students with disabilities are diagnosed with ADHD, methodologically sound investigations are clearly needed in order to better understand the impact of ADHD on college students' adjustment and to develop and implement interventions that can enhance students' success.

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Section: Malingeringmentioning

confidence: 56%

What Do We Really Know about ADHD in College Students?

2012

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“…Research on malingered ADHD has most often employed a simulation study design, in which a group of participants is instructed and incentivized to feign symptoms of ADHD while completing a battery of psychological tests (Booksh 2005;Fisher 2007;Harrison et al 2007;Jachimowitz and Geiselman 2004;Leark et al 2002;Quinn 2003;Sollman et al 2010). Although it is impossible to experimentally manipulate true malingering in a clinical setting, the simulation design allows examination of how persons might feign a disorder when faced with incentives to feign believably.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more rigorous studies of malingered ADHD have tended to focus on validating symptom validity tests designed to detect cognitive malingering, the intentional production of impaired performance on measures of cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention (Booksh 2005;Leark et al 2002;Sollman et al 2010). Research on malingering of psychiatric symptoms of ADHD has established that persons instructed to simulate ADHD symptoms tend to produce symptom profiles similar in severity to honest clinical controls and more severe than honest nonclinical controls (Booksh 2005;Harrison et al 2007;Jachimowitz and Geiselman 2004;Quinn 2003;Sollman et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on malingering of psychiatric symptoms of ADHD has established that persons instructed to simulate ADHD symptoms tend to produce symptom profiles similar in severity to honest clinical controls and more severe than honest nonclinical controls (Booksh 2005;Harrison et al 2007;Jachimowitz and Geiselman 2004;Quinn 2003;Sollman et al 2010). Sullivan et al (2007) and Sollman et al (2010) provided preliminary examinations of the presence of feigned psychiatric symptoms among students malingering ADHD using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey 2007) and Miller-Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST;Miller 2001), respectively, but reported very low sensitivity of these measures to malingering of ADHD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Malingered ADHD Using the MMPI-2-RF

Harp

Jasinski

Shandera-Ochsner

et al. 2011

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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This study examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales for detecting feigning and exaggeration of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) among college students. Under a simulation study design, participants with and without ADHD were assigned to perform honestly or to feign or exaggerate deficits related to ADHD while completing self-report symptom inventories. Participants instructed to feign produced symptom profiles similar to honest clinical profiles and more severe than honest nonclinical profiles. Participants with ADHD instructed to exaggerate produced less severe profiles than those instructed to feign and more severe profiles than clinical controls. MMPI-2-RF scale Fp-r showed potential for use in malingered ADHD detection at a revised cut score, which was significantly lower than the cut score suggested in the test manual; use of the revised cut score will require further validation. Scales F-r, Fs, and FBS-r did not classify well, but should be assessed in future studies of malingered ADHD. Detection of exaggeration was consistently poorer than detection of feigning.

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“…No using of clinical assessment to evaluate the results of the ASRS Screener was one of the limitations of current study that may have caused to a higher prevalence rate of ADHD symptoms. In addition high prevalence rates of ADHD symptoms may be a result of limitation of DSM-IV criteria (Barkley, Murphy, & Fischer, 2010) and the scales developed based on its criteria, or feigning and exaggerating ADHD symptoms by college students (Jasinski et al, 2011;Lee Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Drew Gouvier, 2010;Sollman, Ranseen, & Berry, 2010). Kessler et al (2006) found that Adult ADHD is co-morbid with other mental disorders such as mood disorder, Anxiety disorder, substance use disorder and impulsive control disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms Prevalence in a University Student Population: Using Adult Self-Report-V1.1 Screener

Bakhshani¹,

Babaei²,

Raghibi³

2012

MAS

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The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of adult's attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms among the University students in Iran. This descriptive-analytical study conducted on 403 University students of Sistan and Baluchestan in second half of the educational year of 2010-2011. For gathering the data we used Adler, Kessler-Spenser Hyperactivity Questionnaire. All participants were asked to complete the Adult Self-Report Scale-V1,1 (ASRS-VI.I). Findings: Considering the subscale of attention-deficit, the results indicated that 104 (25.1%) of participants had symptoms of ADHD and about 47 (11.3%) reported attention deficit, 43 (10.3%) hyperactivity/impulsivity and 14 (3.4%) combine symptoms. Conclusion: according to the results, it seems that the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention-deficit are prevalent and common among the university students. Therefore, more evaluation and further studies as well as providing preventive and treatment plans to avoid the educational problems and to prevent risky behaviors like drug abuse are recommended.

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Ability of College Students to Simulate ADHD on Objective Measures of Attention

Abstract: The implications of these findings highlight the importance of relying on multiple vectors of information, be it objective, observational, self-report, or reports by others, when diagnosing ADHD and assessing factors related to potential secondary gain.

Cited by 95 publications

References 57 publications

What Do We Really Know about ADHD in College Students?

What Do We Really Know about ADHD in College Students?

Detection of Malingered ADHD Using the MMPI-2-RF

Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms Prevalence in a University Student Population: Using Adult Self-Report-V1.1 Screener

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