Abietic acid [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]

doi:10.1002/3527600418.mb51410kske3413

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…There are no published toxicity studies for resin acids in broiler chickens. In a 28-day study on mice, 250 mg of abietic acid/kg body weight/day caused no symptoms of intoxication (14). Similar results were obtained in a 15-week study on rats fed 100 mg/kg body weight/day abietic acid (14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In a 28-day study on mice, 250 mg of abietic acid/kg body weight/day caused no symptoms of intoxication (14). Similar results were obtained in a 15-week study on rats fed 100 mg/kg body weight/day abietic acid (14). Feeding dehydroabietic acid at 25 mg/kg body weight/day also had no adverse effects in rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Our results are consistent with those in rodent studies, as the TOFA supplement had no adverse effects on performance. In rodents, LD 50 values have been determined for abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid, and are reported to be between 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg body weight in all cases, i.e., ∼100-fold higher than the daily intake of resin acids by 21-day-old broiler chickens in the present study fed 4-fold the recommended dose of TOFA (14). It can be concluded that resin acids in the TOFA product used in this study are not likely to cause any adverse effects in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Although rats are different from poultry and pigs, at least the exposure to resin acids comes through the same oral route. These studies suggest that rodents can tolerate relatively high doses of resin acids (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Distribution, Metabolism, and Recovery of Resin Acids in the Intestine and Tissues of Broiler Chickens in a Feeding Trial With Tall Oil Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diets

et al. 2020

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Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) are novel, health-improving feed ingredients which have been shown to improve the performance of broiler chickens. TOFA contains resin acids, the suggested key components for its beneficial effects. For product safety, possible accumulation of TOFA components in tissues consumed by end-users is an issue of major importance. Wheat-soy-based diets with an indigestible marker and TOFA at 0, 750 and 3,000 g/t were fed to broiler chickens for 5 weeks; 11 replicate pens/treatment. Deposition of resin acids was assessed by analyzing jejunal tissue, breast muscle, abdominal fat, blood, liver, bile, and digesta along the intestinal tract at the end of the 35-day trial. Both free and conjugated resin acids were quantified. With TOFA 3,000 g/t diet, 30% of ingested resin acids could not be recovered from jejunal digesta. Also, a proportion representing 45% of resin acids fed were in conjugated form and thus had already re-entered the intestine from the bile duct. This means that at least 75% of resin acids ingested had become absorbed in, or proximal to jejunum. Recovery of resin acids in excreta was 45 and 70% when TOFA was fed at 750 and 3,000 g/t, respectively. Based on recovery data, of the estimated 1,087 mg of resin acids ingested by birds on the high TOFA dose during their lifetime, about 330 mg was unaccounted for. In analysis of jejunal tissue, blood, liver, bile, breast muscle, and abdominal tissue, < 1 mg of resin acids was found after the 35-day trial when TOFA at the 4-fold the recommended dose was fed. It is likely that the host or microbiota mineralized or converted one-third of resin acids to a form that escaped analysis. TOFA at 3,000 g/t dose caused no detectable adverse effects in broiler chickens. Based on analysis of breast meat and liver, the common edible tissues, a human consumer would ingest < 100 µg of resin acids in a single meal. That is one-thousandth of the dose shown to be harmless in rodents. Thus, unintentional exposure of human consumers to resin acids is marginal, and posed no safety concerns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Distribution, Metabolism, and Recovery of Resin Acids in the Intestine and Tissues of Broiler Chickens in a Feeding Trial With Tall Oil Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diets

et al. 2020

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“…As reported in the MAK Value Documentation ( 2013 ), when administered to male rabbits via gavage (about 666 mg abietic acid sodium salt/kg body weight at 3 kg body weight), ‘abietic acid was oxidised on the isopropyl group at C‐17, probably via a primary alcohol as intermediate, to form an acid (27% of the acid ether extract of the urine). The isopropyl group of dehydroabietic acid was oxidised to the primary or to the tertiary alcohol (15% or 58% of the acid ether extract) as well as to the allylic double bond (14% of the acid ether extract).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the buds of Pinus sylvestris L. (pine tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA abl)

Bampidis,

Azimonti,

Bastos

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the buds of Pinus sylvestris L. (pine tincture) when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The product under assessment is a solution, with a dry matter content of ~2.2%. The product contains on average 0.0882% polyphenols, of which 0.0222% are phenolic acids. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that pine tincture is safe at the maximum proposed use level of 50 mg/kg complete feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel considers that the use in water for drinking alone or in combination with use in feed should not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed alone. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of pine tincture up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. Pine tincture should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of pine tincture in animal feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since twigs of P. sylvestris, which are considered similar in composition to the source material for the production of pine tincture, are described to flavour food, no further demonstration of efficacy is deemed necessary.

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Non-Intentionally Added Substances

Coniglio

Fioriglio²,

Laganà

2020

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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Abietic acid [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]

Abstract: Published in the series MAK Value Documentations The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Effects in Humans Single exposures Repeated exposures Local effects on skin and … Show more

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Distribution, Metabolism, and Recovery of Resin Acids in the Intestine and Tissues of Broiler Chickens in a Feeding Trial With Tall Oil Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diets

Distribution, Metabolism, and Recovery of Resin Acids in the Intestine and Tissues of Broiler Chickens in a Feeding Trial With Tall Oil Fatty Acid-Supplemented Diets

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the buds of Pinus sylvestris L. (pine tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA abl)

Non-Intentionally Added Substances

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