Aberrant fetal growth and early, late, and postneonatal mortality: an analysis of Milwaukee births, 1996–2007

Chen, Han Yang; Chauhan, Suneet P.; Ward, Trina C. Salm; Mori, Naoyo; Gass, Eric; Cisler, Ron A.

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.11.040

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In Western societies, the incidence of IUGR varies to between 3% and 10% of the total population, with an unprecedented increase observed over the last decades (1)(2)(3)(4). IUGR not only strongly predicts reduced short-term neonatal survival (5), but is also associated with adverse long-term health outcomes, including increased risk for cardiovascular disease and chronic immune disease (6)(7)(8). Maternal factors known to influence fetal development, including age, weight, race, socioeconomic status, nutrition, or smoking, have also been associated with IUGR (3, 9-10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone and HMOX-1 promote fetal growth by CD8+ T cell modulation

Solano¹,

Kowal²,

O’Rourke³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone and HMOX-1 promote fetal growth by CD8+ T cell modulation

Solano¹,

Kowal²,

O’Rourke³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Given the extensive literature that SGA infants are at risk for multiple, poor outcomes, our negative finding is unexpected. 1,[4][5][6][7][8]20 The conventional 10th percentile birth weight may not be as useful at predicting poor outcomes in premature infants as it is in term infants. McIntire et al concluded similarly for immediate neonatal outcomes: they reported that the threshold for significant morbidity is the third percentile, not 10%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Morbidity in Preterm Small versus Appropriate for Gestational Age: Perhaps Unverifiable

et al. 2015

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“…5 Maternal co-morbidities like diabetes, renal disease, autoimmune disease and acquired thrombophilias will exacerbate the state of placental vessels. 3,6 Foetal abnormalities and infections were also found to be associated with IUGR. 7,8 IUGR can easily be interchanged with small for gestational age (SGA), however, these are two different entities, with the former being a more serious condition with a worse prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The commonest reason for this is placental-vascular insufficiency and this is in turn associated with several other sequelae, including stillbirth, preterm birth and functional complications once the infant is born like respiratory distress and necrotizing enterocolitis. [2][3][4] Uteroplacental insufficiency is one of the major causes for IUGR since it leads to limitation in oxygen and nutrient availability to the foetus and thus leads to impaired growth. It is characterised by failure of the trophoblast to invade the spiral arteries in the myometrium and thus the vessels do not dilate and are more likely to occlude or infarct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sildenafil Administration in Early Onset Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Dalli¹,

Cassar²,

Dalli³

et al. 2017

IPCB

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IntrodutionTwo cases of severe early oset intrauterine growth restriction who presented to us within days of each other were treated with sildenafil and the outcome of the pregnancies was followed up. The first case was a 39year old primigravida who was diagnosed with asymmetrical growth restriction at 22 +4 weeks into the pregnancy which was classified as Stage 3fetal growth restriction according to the Fetal Medicine Barcelona Growth Calculator. The second case studied was a much younger 23year old primip who was also disagnosed with Stage 3fetal growth restriction. Both patients were started on 25mg sildenafil three times a day. In the first case there was improvement in velocimetric profile whilst in the second there was minimal improvement.Early onset intrauterine growth restriction carries a poor prognosis for the foetus, especially with early deterioration of Doppler indices. In such instances, sildenafil can be useful since it acts as a vasodilator and increases uteroplacental flow to promote foetal growth. Case 1A 39year old nulliparous lady was being followed up routinely for her pregnancy with no problems in the first trimester. She had her first antenatal visit at 8weeks gestation and was started on folic acid and vitamin D supplements and 400mg cyclogest twice a week due to her age. A 12 + week dating scan showed a CRL of 72mm which was equivalent to 13 +3 weeks gestation and showed that the pregnancy was low risk for trisomies.At 22 +4 weeks gestation she was noted to have asymmetrical IUGR, with a normal head circumference, a 3week lag in the abdominal circumference and a raised uterine artery Doppler pulsatitility index -left uterine artery PI was 2.96 and the right uterine artery PI was 1.47. An anomaly scan done at the same time was normal showing a normal spine, a three vessel cord, normal abdominal organ and brain development and normal cardiac development and rhythm. She was also noted to have two fibroids, one 5cm in diameter and another 2cm in diameter, with the larger being covered by the placenta.At this point of the pregnancy she was admitted to hospital for further investigations: an infectious screen resulted negative, whilst other blood investigations including a complete blood count, a renal profile and a liver profile were all within the normal range. Blood pressure monitoring was normal, excluding pre-eclampsia, and she was discharged home on 25mg sildenafil three times a day.She has readmitted after 7weeks, at 29 +4 with stage 3 foetal growth restriction. Basic blood investigations and blood pressure monitoring were normal again and she was given two doses of dexamethasone to aid foetal lung maturation. A middle cerebral artery Doppler which was done was normal and a Doppler of the uterine arteries which was repeated showed that it was improving -on the left it was 1.86 and on the right it was 0.93. When Doppler was repeated after two days, PI values of the uterine artery Doppler were 1.6 on the left showing further improvement (Table 1). She was planned to deliver by elective C-...

show abstract

Aberrant fetal growth and early, late, and postneonatal mortality: an analysis of Milwaukee births, 1996–2007

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Progesterone and HMOX-1 promote fetal growth by CD8+ T cell modulation

Progesterone and HMOX-1 promote fetal growth by CD8+ T cell modulation

Differential Morbidity in Preterm Small versus Appropriate for Gestational Age: Perhaps Unverifiable

Sildenafil Administration in Early Onset Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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