Iron is an essential
micronutrient for life. Its redox activity is a key component in a
plethora of vital enzymatic reactions that take place in processes
such as drug metabolism, DNA synthesis, steroid synthesis, gene regulation,
and cellular respiration (oxygen transport and the electron transport
chain). Bacteria are highly dependent on iron for their survival and
growth and have specific mechanisms to acquire iron. Limiting the
availability of iron to bacteria, thereby preventing their growth,
provides new opportunities to treat infection in the era of the persistent
rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this work, we have developed
macromolecular iron chelators, conjugates of a high-affinity iron
chelator (HBEDS) with polyglycerol, in an attempt to sequester iron
uptake by bacteria to limit their growth in order to enhance antibiotic
activity. The new macromolecular chelators are successful in slowing
the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and worked as an efficient bacteriostatic against S. aureus. Further, these cytocompatible macrochelators
acted as effective adjuvants to prevent bacterial growth when used
in conjunction with antibiotics. The adjuvant activity of the macrochelators
depends on their molecular weight and the chelator density on these
molecules. These selective macro iron(III) chelators are highly efficient
in growth inhibition and killing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in conjunction with a low concentration
of rifampicin.