Sacral colpopexy with non-resorbable grafts is successful in 85-100% of cases. The main drawback of these materials is the substantial risk of erosion of the mesh in 0.6-8.8% of cases. With allogenic materials, for example fascia lata, dura mater, and (bovine) pericard, there is no risk of erosion. Studies in dogs indicate that the material is incorporated within 3-6 months, while inducing collagen formation-the graft is actually substituted by the recipient's own collagen. In this study solvent-dried fascia lata, dura mater, and bovine pericard were used as implants for sacral colpopexy in patients with vaginal vault prolapse. Long-term anatomical results are reported. In a retrospective observational study 29 patients with vaginal vault prolapse underwent sacral colpopexy. Patient characteristics were recorded on standardized clinical record forms. We used Tutoplast homologous fascia lata and dura mater or bovine pericard. In September 2001 all patients who had not had a second colpopexy in the meantime were invited to visit our outpatient clinic for gynecological examination. Surgical failure was defined as a second colpopexy or a vaginal vault prolapse or enterocele up to or beyond the hymen. After a mean follow up period of 38.2 months, failure based on the anatomical result occurred in 11 of 29 patients (38%); success was doubtful in another four cases (14%). For fourteen patients (48%) the sacral colpopexy was a success. Low parity and former prolapse surgery may be indicators of likely failure of the graft in sacral colpopexy. Neither surgical approach (laparotomy or laparoscopy) nor other surgical factors affected results significantly. Organic materials, for example fascia lata, dura mater, and bovine pericard, as alternatives are not suitable for sacral colpopexy because of a substantial risk of graft failure.