Abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors: Effects of race

Lovejoy, Jennifer C.; Bretonne, Jacques A. de la; Klemperer, Mark; Tulley, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90011-6

Cited by 312 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

246

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…12 ± 16,36 As suggested by some investigators, blacks have higher upper-body adiposity, based on subscapular skinfold thickness and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) compared to whites, 36 hence blacks are more likely to have larger visceral fat deposits. 37 Some studies conclude that blacks propensity to metabolic aberrations may be a result of more excess visceral adiposity compared Abdominal adiposity in US adults IS Okosun et al with whites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abdominal adiposity values associated with established body mass indexes in white, black and hispanic Americans. A study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE: To determine whether white, black and hispanic young (17 ± 39 y) and middle-aged (40 ± 59 y) adults, and elderly (60 ± 90 y) Americans have the same values of abdominal adiposity (estimated from waist circumference (WC) at the established levels of overweight (body mass index, BMI 25 ± 29.9 kgam 2 ) and obesity (BMI ! 30 kgam 2 ). METHODS: Data (n 16,120) from the US Third National Health and Nutrition Survey were utilized. Age-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to estimate gender-and ethnic-speci®c WC values corresponding to overweight and obesity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also employed to determine the choices of WC values corresponding to the established BMI cut-off points. With ROC, gender-and ethnic-speci®c cut-off points producing the best combination of sensitivity and speci®city were selected as optimal thresholds for WC values corresponding to the established BMI cut-off points. RESULTS: WC values associated with the established BMI were lower in blacks and hispanics compared with whites. In men, the WC values that corresponded to overweight ranged from 89 to 106 cm, from 84 to 95 cm, and from 87 to 97 cm in whites, blacks and hispanics, respectively. The corresponding values for obesity ranged from 99 to 110 cm, from 96 to 107 cm, and from 97 to 108 cm. The WC values that corresponded to overweight in women ranged from 82 to 91 cm, from 81 in to 90 cm, and from 83 to 92 cm in whites, blacks and hispanics, respectively. The analogous values for obesity ranged from 94 to 101 cm, from 93 to 100 cm, and from 94 to 101 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of higher WC values in blacks (particularly women) and hispanics at the same levels of BMI for whites challenges previously held assumptions regarding the role of abdominal adiposity in cardiovascular disease experienced by non-whites. De®ning the anthropometric variables that satisfactorily describe reasons for ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease is one of the challenges for future research.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abdominal adiposity values associated with established body mass indexes in white, black and hispanic Americans. A study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…General obesity has an inverse effect in premenopausal women, whereas central obesity appears to be positively associated with increased risk of breast cancer in both pre-and postmenopausal women. It has been noted that Asian women have greater amounts of visceral fat -the adipose tissue component most strongly associated with insulin resistance and lower sex hormone-binding globulin -for a given waist measurement than Caucasian women (Lovejoy et al, 1996). As a result, central obesity may have an important role in breast tumorigenesis in Chinese women (Ng et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating levels of leptin, adiposity and breast cancer risk

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present case -control study was to investigate the relationships of plasma leptin level and anthropometric measures of adiposity with the risk of breast cancer. Questionnaire information, anthropometric measures and blood samples were taken before treatment from 297 incident cases with breast cancer and 593 controls admitted for health examination at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, between 2004 and. Plasma levels of leptin were measured by RIA. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for assessing the associations. Overall, higher leptin concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR (95% CI) for top vs bottom tertile of leptin was 1.63 (1.07 -2.49), P trend ¼ 0.009). Waist circumference was a significant anthropometric factor for breast cancer in both pre-and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, the associations of leptin with breast cancer risk remained after adjustment for obesity indices. These results suggest that leptin may have an independent role in breast tumorigenesis. Regardless of the impact of circulating leptin, more research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and local leptin levels that are critical for the development of breast cancers. British Journal of Cancer (2009) Epidemiologic evidence suggested that obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women, primarily in postmenopausal population (Calle and Thun, 2004). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the obesity -breast cancer link are not fully clear. One important factor contributing to obesity -breast carcinogenesis might be an excess exposure of mammary epithelium to various bioactive substances produced by the adipose tissue (adipokines). Indeed, adipose tissue is a source of oestrogens, insulin and insulin-like growth factors, all of which are believed to be involved in mammary tumorigenesis (Schäffler et al, 2007). The most prominent adipokine is leptin, which is best known as a regulator of food intake and energy balance in the hypothalamus (Auwerx and Staels, 1998). Interestingly, leptin is also implicated in the regulation of reproductive hormones and function . Notably, leptin consistently stimulates the proliferation of benign and malignant epithelial breast cells in vitro as measured by DNA synthesis and upregulation of downstream regulators of cellular proliferation (Dieudonne et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2002). Thus, the intriguing possibility exists that leptin could be directly related to breast carcinogenesis by underlying the effects of obesity on cancer development. We have undertaken a case -control study to test this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case and control selectionThis case -control study was conducted at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, from January 2004 to November 2006. To account for the notions that type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS) have been associated with increased serum leptin levels and elevated risk of breast cancer (Vona-D...

show abstract

“…50,51 In populations of obese Pima Indians, abdominal obesity was found to be associated with elevated insulin and glucose concentrations. 52,53 The higher prevalences of abdominal and truncal obesities in Blacks in this study compared with lower values that have been observed by some investigators 54,55 may be attributed to differences the definitions of abdominal and truncal adiposities. Unlike the result of this study showing that the odds of hypertension is attributable to racial/ethnic differences in regional fat localizations, some investigators found higher insulin resistance in Black women than White women despite lower abdominal and truncal adiposities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Unlike the result of this study showing that the odds of hypertension is attributable to racial/ethnic differences in regional fat localizations, some investigators found higher insulin resistance in Black women than White women despite lower abdominal and truncal adiposities. [54][55][56] The observed differences in the association between regional obesity and hypertension in this study compared with others, highlights the need for a universal definition of these obesity phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The added contributions of regional fat localization may better be understood in a population of overweight subjects only. Regional fat cells are more metabolically potent cells 44,45 whose added role in overweight subjects have been studied only little. Aiming therefore to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in the distribution of abdominal and truncal obesities in generalized overweight populations, and to determine racial/ethnic differences in these adiposities for the prevalence odds of hypertension, we utilized the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of regional fat localizations defined as abdominal (AO) or truncal (TO) obesity in racial/ethnic differences to the prevalence odds of hypertension in overweight American adults. Data (n ¼ 5694) from the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this analysis. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference X102 and X88 cm for men and women, respectively. Truncal obesity was defined using ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness and were X2.24 and X1.32, for men and women, respectively. Prevalence odds ratios from gender-specific logistic regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of regional fat localizations to racial/ethnic variation in hypertension. Statistical adjustment was made for age, education, alcohol intake and body mass index. In both men and women, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with much higher prevalence odds of hypertension than association due to each of the regional fat localizations. In men, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with 1.99, 2.47 and 2.10 increased prevalence odds of hypertension in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 2.83, 4.07 and 3.61 in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The coexistence of AO and TO appears to be the culprit that contributes to high blood pressure on top of body mass index. Weight reduction programs that are targeted toward abdominal and truncal regions in at-risk populations and along racial/ethnic lines may help to alleviate racial/ethnic disparity in risk of hypertension.

show abstract

Abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors: Effects of race

Cited by 312 publications

References 18 publications

Abdominal adiposity values associated with established body mass indexes in white, black and hispanic Americans. A study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abdominal adiposity values associated with established body mass indexes in white, black and hispanic Americans. A study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Circulating levels of leptin, adiposity and breast cancer risk

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About