“…Transitional cell cancer of the urothelial tract, TCCU, is the sixth most common type of cancer in western countries (Siegel et al, 2013 ; Franco et al, 2014 ), in most cases it involves the bladder but may also origin from the ureter or the renal pelvis; the estimated number of deaths from bladder cancer in US in 2015 are 16.000 which means that the need of new therapeutic approaches is extremely urgent (Bladder cancer incidence and mortality National Cancer Institute 1 ; Leopardo et al, 2013 ). Advanced TCCU is considered a relatively chemosensitive tumor due to the high Response Rate, RR, observed in first line with platinum-based regimens, varying from 40 to 70% (Von der Maase et al, 2005 ; Roberts et al, 2006 ; Bellmunt et al, 2012 ; Ferro et al, 2012 ; Marra et al, 2013 ; Cavaliere et al, 2014 ), nevertheless the duration of response is limited and when progression after primary treatment occurs the outcome is generally poor (Iaffaioli et al, 1997 ; Strocchi et al, 2004 ). Several regimens have been tested in the recurrent setting, including both single agents (Albers et al, 2002 ; Vaughn et al, 2002 ; Franco et al, 2011 ) and combinations (Bellmunt et al, 2002 ; Iaffaioli et al, 2006 ; Lin et al, 2007 ; Marra et al, 2008 ) but they showed modest activity often associated with significant toxicity.…”