Abdominal Adiposity Measured by Sonography as a Tool for Determining Disease Risk

Abstract

A preexperimental cohort study was conducted with 67 overweight cancer survivors. This cohort of participants was screened for baseline body composition and anthropometrics based on a variety of techniques, including body mass index (BMI), dual X-ray absorptiometry-percentage body fat (DXA-android %BF), diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), and waist circumference (WC). The combination of subcutaneous fat layer at the xyphoid and umbilicus compared with BMI, WC, and DXA-android %BF. These variables demonstrated moderately positive association and were statistically significant. A total maximum mean score of DMS measures of subcutaneous and visceral fat was also compared with BMI, WC, and DXA-android %BF. The aforementioned comparison had a moderately positive association and was statistically significant. The sonographic measure of mesentery fat was compared with WC and demonstrated a strongly positive strength of association and was statistically significant. Sonography may be an inexpensive, noninvasive, portable, and valid body composition measure for overweight patients.

Comparisons of conventional and novel anthropometric obesity indices to predict metabolic syndrome among vegetarians in Malaysia

“…In cognisance of the prevailing of MetS and obesity, several efforts have been made in order to identify a diagnostic tool to predict MetS at the early stage. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computerized tomography (CT) scan are advanced measurements to assess the adiposity level in the human body 11 , 12 . However, DXA and CT are not applicable to be used in large scale epidemiology surveys due to its expensive and time-consuming characteristics 13 .…”

“…However, DXA and CT are not applicable to be used in large scale epidemiology surveys due to its expensive and time-consuming characteristics 13 . In contrast, the anthropometric obesity index is a cost-effective tool to estimate the degree of obesity in large scale epidemiology surveys 12 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis aimed to compare the performance of the diagnostic tool in predicting human diseases 14 .…”

The Potential for Using Sonography to Measure Abdominal Adiposity in Children

“…14 The relationship between these variables has been explored by several researchers. 9,11,15 Kim et al 14 conducted a study containing 240 men and 106 diabetic patients who had DMS measurements of visceral fat taken and compared to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Men whose visceral fat measured in the middle to high quartile were found to have greater a prevalence of cardiovascular disease, hypertriacylglycerolemia, low-HDL cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than those in a lower quartile.…”

“…DMS measures were conducted on a GE Logiq i (Milwaukee, WI) ultrasound machine with a 9.0 (6–8 MHz) linear transducer. An optimized protocol referenced by Woldemariam et al 11 and Stigall et al 9 was used to measure the visceral and subcutaneous adiposity of each participant. Trained and credentialed sonographers performed all the imaging and data analysis.…”

A Longitudinal Study to Assess Abdominal Adiposity by Sonography, DXA, and BMI

“…Assessment of abdominal fat accumulation has been investigated previously by researchers, and the most common and simplest measures used consist of BMI and WC measures. 6,8,9,10 These methods provide a noninvasive technique to assess abdominal adiposity. 10 However, neither BMI nor WC can quantify variations in visceral or subcutaneous fat and therefore create pitfalls in their practical application.…”